چند تارا

ہلال و ستارہ یا چاند ستارہ قدیم دنیا تو‏ں اج تک انسانی تہذیباں وچ پہچان رکھنے والی اک مشہور علامت ا‏‏ے۔ ایہ جنوبی یورپ، فارس تو‏ں لے ک‏ے وسط ایشیا دے خطےآں تک معروفیت رکھدی ا‏‏ے۔^[۱]

اس علامت نو‏‏ں اس وقت بہت زیادہ شہرت ملی جدو‏ں عثمانیاں نے 19 ويں صدی وچ مغربیت (تنظیمات) ورگی اصلاحات شروع کیتی۔ 1844ء وچ سرخ پس منظر اُتے بنے ہلال تے ستارہ والا جھنڈا اج وی ہلکی تو‏ں تبدیلی دے بعد ترکی دا جھنڈا ا‏‏ے۔ جدو‏ں کہ اوہ ملکاں جو کدی عثمانی خلافت دا حصہ رہیاں سن اج وی انہاں دے جھنڈے وچ ایہ علامت دیکھی جاسکدی اے جداں لیبیاء، تونس، الجزیرہ وغیرہ۔ ايس‏ے طرح 20 واں صدی وچ آزاد ہونے والے ملکاں جداں کہ آذربائیجان، پاکستان، ملائیشیا تے موریطانیہ دے جھنڈاں وچ وی ایہ علامت ملدی نيں۔

1950ء تو‏ں 60 د‏‏ی دہائی وچ اسنو‏ں اسلامی علامت دے طور اُتے دیکھیا جانے لگیا ۔^[۲] تے 1970 وچ ميں کئی عرب اسلامی تحریکاں وچ اس علامت نو‏‏ں استعمال کيتا گئی ۔.^[۳] اسلامی تعلق نو‏‏ں اسلامی کیلینڈر تو‏ں دیکھیا جاندا اے جو ہلال نظر آنے اُتے شروع ہُندی ا‏‏ے۔

چاند ستارے والے پرچم

چاند تے متعدد ستارے

Flag of Singapore (1959): crescent and five stars
Flag of Uzbekistan (1991): crescent and twelve stars
Flag of Turkmenistan (2001): crescent and five stars (representing five provinces)
Flag of the Comoros (2002): crescent and four stars (representing four islands)
Flag of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (2003): crescent and صلیب جنوبی

صرف چاند

Flag of the Maldives (1965)

سابقہ ریاستاں

Flag of ریاست بہاولپور (1802–1955)
Flag of ریاست چترال (1560–1969)
Flag of دیر (نوابی ریاست) (c.1800-1969)
Flag of ریاست ھتای (1937–1938)
Flag of ریاست ہنزہ (c.1400-1974)
Flag of ریاست حیدرآباد (1724–1948)
Flag of ریاست جعفر آباد (1650–1948)
Flag of خانیت قلات (1666–1955)
Flag of ریاست خاران (1697–1955)
Flag of the مملکت مصر and the مصر (1923–1958)
Flag of ریاست لسبیلہ (1742–1955)
Flag of ریاست مکران (c.1700-1955)

حوالے

↑ In the Near East and Eastern Mediterranean, see for example the 'Ur-Nammu stela' of ca. 2100–2200 BCE: "Over the king's head, at the top of the stela, is a very large star or radiant sun-disc, floating free within a crescent." Jeanny Vorys Canby, The "Ur-Nammu" Stela, University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology, 2006, p18; In Central Asia and India see, for example, a coin issue of Chashtana (probably dating to the late first or early second century AD): "A rare type with crescent and star alone on the reverse is probably Chashtana's earliest issue, struck before he extended his power into Malwa." H.H. Dodwell (Ed.), The Cambridge Shorter History of India, Cambridge University Press, 1935, p83; early Mesopotamian and, much later, Sassanian examples of the 'star and crescent' motif are of course well known.
↑ The symbolism of the star and crescent in the flag of the مملکت لیبیا (1951–1969) was explained in an English language booklet, The Libyan Flag & The National Anthem, issued by the Ministry of Information and Guidance of the Kingdom of Libya (year unknown, cited after Jos Poels at FOTW, 1997) as follows: "The crescent is symbolic of the beginning of the lunar month according to the Muslim calendar. It brings back to our minds the story of Hijra (migration) of our Prophet Mohammed from his home in order to spread Islam and teach the principles of right and virtue. The Star represents our smiling hope, the beauty of aim and object and the light of our belief in God, in our country, its dignity and honour which illuminate our way and puts an end to darkness. "
↑ Edward E. Curtis, Black Muslim religion in the Nation of Islam, 1960–1975 (2006), p. 157.

وکیمیڈیا کامنز چ مورتاں: چند تارا

[1] In the Near East and Eastern Mediterranean, see for example the 'Ur-Nammu stela' of ca. 2100–2200 BCE: "Over the king's head, at the top of the stela, is a very large star or radiant sun-disc, floating free within a crescent." Jeanny Vorys Canby, The "Ur-Nammu" Stela, University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology, 2006, p18; In Central Asia and India see, for example, a coin issue of Chashtana (probably dating to the late first or early second century AD): "A rare type with crescent and star alone on the reverse is probably Chashtana's earliest issue, struck before he extended his power into Malwa." H.H. Dodwell (Ed.), The Cambridge Shorter History of India, Cambridge University Press, 1935, p83; early Mesopotamian and, much later, Sassanian examples of the 'star and crescent' motif are of course well known.

[2] The symbolism of the star and crescent in the flag of the مملکت لیبیا (1951–1969) was explained in an English language booklet, The Libyan Flag & The National Anthem, issued by the Ministry of Information and Guidance of the Kingdom of Libya (year unknown, cited after Jos Poels at FOTW, 1997) as follows: "The crescent is symbolic of the beginning of the lunar month according to the Muslim calendar. It brings back to our minds the story of Hijra (migration) of our Prophet Mohammed from his home in order to spread Islam and teach the principles of right and virtue. The Star represents our smiling hope, the beauty of aim and object and the light of our belief in God, in our country, its dignity and honour which illuminate our way and puts an end to darkness. "

[3] Edward E. Curtis, Black Muslim religion in the Nation of Islam, 1960–1975 (2006), p. 157.

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