نوبل انعام جیتو مسیحی شخصیتاں دی لسٹ
مسیحی نوبل انعام جیتو بلحاظ شعبہ
سودھوسال | انعام یافتہ | دیس | فرقہ | وجہ | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1901 | ولیم رونٹگین | جرمنی | رومن کیتھولک[۱] | "in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him" | |
1902 | ہنڈرک لورنٹز | نیدرلینڈ | پروٹسٹنٹ[۲] | "in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by his researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena"[۳] | |
پیڑ زیمین | نیدرلینڈ | Dutch Reformed Church[۴] | "in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena | ||
1903 | ہنری بیکرویل | فرانس | رومن کیتھولک | "for his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity"[۶] | |
1904 | جان ولیم سٹرٹ | برطانیہ | Anglican[۷][۸] | "for his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery of argon in connection with these studies"[۹] | |
1905 | فلپ لینارڈ | آسٹریا ہنگری جرمنی |
کرسچئین[۱۰] | "for his work on cathode rays"[۱۱][۱۲] | |
1906 | جے جے تھامسن | برطانیہ | Anglican[۱۳] | "for his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases"[۱۴] | |
1909 | گُگلیلمو مارکونی(مارکونی) | اٹلی | رومن کیتھولک[۱۵] | "for his contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy"[۱۶] | |
1914 | میکس وون لیو | جرمنی | کرسچئین[۱۷][۱۸][۱۹] | "For his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals",[۲۰] an important step in the development of X-ray spectroscopy. | |
1915 | ولیم ہنری براگ | برطانیہ | کرسچئین[۲۱][۲۲][۲۳] | "For his services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays",[۲۴] an important step in the development of X-ray crystallography | |
ولیم لاورنس براگ | آسٹریلیا | کرسچئین | |||
1917 | چارلس گلور بارکالا | برطانیہ | Methodist[۲۵][۲۶][۲۷] | "For his discovery of the characteristic Röntgen radiation of the elements",[۲۸] another important step in the development of X-ray spectroscopy | |
1918 | میکس پلانک | جرمنی | Raised Lutheran, later in life, Planck's views on God were that of a deist[lower-alpha ۱][۲۹] | "for the services he rendered to the advancement of physics by his discovery of energy quanta"[۳۰] | |
1919 | جوہنس سٹارک | جرمنی | کرسچئین[۳۱] | "for his discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields"[۳۲] | |
1923 | رابرٹ انڈریو ملکین | امریکا | کرسچئین[۳۳][۳۴][۳۵][۳۶] He dealt with this in his Terry Lectures at Yale in 1926–7, published as Evolution in Science and Religion.[۳۷] | "for his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect"[۳۸] | |
1925 | گستاف لوڈوگ ہرٹز | جرمنی | Lutheran[۳۹] | "for his discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom"[۴۰] | |
1927 | آرتھر کومپٹون | امریکا | Presbyterian[۴۱][۴۲] | "for his discovery of the effect named after him"[۴۳] | |
1932 | ورنر ہیزنبرگ | جرمنی | Lutheran[۴۴][۴۵] | "for the creation of quantum mechanics, the application of which has, inter alia, led to the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen"[۴۶] | |
1936 | وکٹر فرانسس ہیس | آسٹریا | کرسچئین[۴۷][۴۸] He wrote on the topic of science and religion in his article "My Faith".[۴۹] | "for his discovery of cosmic radiation"[۵۰] | |
1937 | جارج پاگٹ تھامسن | برطانیہ | کرسچئین | "for his experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals"[۵۱] | |
1938 | انریکو فرمی | اٹلی | Raised رومن کیتھولک, then become an agnostic | "for his demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation, and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons"[۵۲] | |
1945 | ولف گینگ پاولی | آسٹریا | Raised رومن کیتھولک[۵۳] | "for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle, also called the Pauli principle"[۵۴] | |
1951 | جوہن کوکروفٹ | برطانیہ | کرسچئین | "for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles"[۵۵] | |
ارنسٹ والٹن | آئرلینڈ | Methodist[۵۶] | |||
1952 | ایڈوارڑملس پرسل | امریکا | پروٹسٹنٹ | "for his development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith"[۵۷] | |
1953 | فرٹز زرنیک | Netherlands | پروٹسٹنٹ | "for his demonstration of the phase contrast method, especially for his invention of the phase contrast microscope"[۵۸] | |
1954 | میکس بورن | جرمنی برطانیہ |
Lutheran[۵۹] | "for his fundamental research in quantum mechanics, especially for his statistical interpretation of the wavefunction"[۶۰] | |
والٹتھر بوتھ | مغربی جرمنی | پروٹسٹنٹ | "for the coincidence method and his discoveries made therewith"[۶۰] | ||
1955 | ولس لیمب | امریکا | پروٹسٹنٹ | "for his discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum"[۶۱] | |
پولی کارپ کوشچ | امریکا | پروٹسٹنٹ | "for his precision determination of the magnetic moment of the electron"[۶۱] | ||
1958 | الوا فرانک | سویت یونین | Russian Orthodox (he is also from Jewish descended) | for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect"[۶۲] | |
1963 | ماریہ جیوپرٹ مئیر | امریکا | کرسچئین[۶۳] | "for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure" | |
جے ہنس ڈی ہنسن | مغربی جرمنی | کرسچئین | |||
1964 | فائل:Charles Townes Nobel.jpg | چارلس ہارڈ ٹاونس | امریکا | پروٹسٹنٹ (United Church of Christ)[۶۴] | "for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser–laser principle"[۶۵] |
1971 | ڈینس گبور | ہنگری– برطانیہ | Raised a پروٹسٹنٹ,[۶۶] but he considered himself agnostic[۶۷] | "for his invention and development of the holographic method"[۶۸] | |
1974 | انٹونی ہیوش | برطانیہ | کرسچئین[۶۹] | "for his pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions, in particular of the aperture synthesis technique, and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars"[۷۰] | |
1980 | جیمز واٹسن کرونن | امریکا | پروٹسٹنٹ[۷۱][۷۲] | "for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons"[۷۳] | |
1984 | کارلو روبیا | اٹلی | رومن کیتھولک | "for his decisive contributions to the large project, which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z, communicators of weak interaction"[۷۴] | |
1985 | کلاوس ون کلٹزنگ | مغربی جرمنی | رومن کیتھولک | "for the discovery of the quantized Hall effect"[۷۵] | |
1993 | جوزف ہوٹن ٹیلر | امریکا | Quaker[۷۶] | "for the discovery of a new type of pulsar, a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation"[۷۷] | |
1996 | ڈوگلاس اوشروف | امریکا | Lutheran[۷۸] | "for his discovery of superfluidity in helium-3"[۷۹] | |
1997 | ولیم ڈینیل فلپس | امریکا | پروٹسٹنٹ (United Methodist Church)[۸۰] | "for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light."[۸۱] | |
2002 | رککارڈو گیاککونی | اٹلی امریکا |
رومن کیتھولک | "for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, which have led to the discovery of cosmic X-ray sources" | |
2007 | پیٹر گرون برگ | جرمنی | رومن کیتھولک | "for the discovery of giant magnetoresistance"[۸۲] |
کیمیاء
سودھوسال | انعام یافتہ | ملک | فرقہ
وجہ | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1901 | یاکوبس ہینریکوس وانت ہوف | نیدرلینڈ | پروٹسٹنٹ[۸۳] | "[for his] discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions"[۸۴] | |
1902 | ہرمن امیل فشر | جرمنی | پروٹسٹنٹ[۸۵][۸۶] | "[for] his work on sugar and purine syntheses"[۸۷] | |
1904 | Sir سر ولیم ریمسی | برطانیہ | پروٹسٹنٹ[۸۸] | "[for his] discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air, and his determination of their place in the periodic system"[۸۹] | |
1905 | Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer | جرمنی | Lutheran (from Jewish descent)[۹۰][۹۱][۹۲] | "[for] the advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical industry, through his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds"[۹۳] | |
1907 | ایدوارد بوخنر | جرمنی | پروٹسٹنٹ | "for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation"[۹۴] | |
1908 | ایرنسٹ ردرفورڈ | برطانیہ نیوزیلینڈ |
پروٹسٹنٹ[۹۵][۹۶] | "for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances"[۹۷] | |
1910 | اوتو والاخ | جرمنی | پروٹسٹنٹ[۹۸] | "[for] his services to organic chemistry and the chemical industry by his pioneer work in the field of alicyclic compounds"[۹۹] | |
1913 | الفرڈ ورنر | سویٹزلینڈ | He was raised as رومن کیتھولک[۱۰۰] | "[for] his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules [...] especially in inorganic chemistry"[۱۰۱] | |
1918 | فرٹز ہیبر | جرمنی | Converts to پروٹسٹنٹism from Judaism[۱۰۲] | "for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements"[۱۰۳] | |
1920 | Walther Hermann Nernst | جرمنی | پروٹسٹنٹ[۱۰۴] | "[for] his work in thermochemistry"[۱۰۵] | |
1921 | فریڈرک سوڈی | برطانیہ | پروٹسٹنٹ[۱۰۶] | "for his contributions to our knowledge of the chemistry of radioactive substances, and his investigations into the origin and nature of isotopes"[۱۰۷] | |
1922 | فرانسسولیم ایسٹون | برطانیہ | پروٹسٹنٹ | "for his discovery, by means of his mass spectrograph, of isotopes, in a large number of non-radioactive elements, and for his enunciation of the whole-number rule"[۱۰۸] | |
1923 | فرٹز پریگل | آسٹریا | کرسچئین | "for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic substances"[۱۰۹] | |
1925 | فائل:Richard Adolf Zsigmondy.jpg | رچرڈ اڈولف زگمونڈی | جرمنی / ہنگری | پروٹسٹنٹ | "for his demonstration of the heterogeneous nature of colloid solutions and for the methods he used"[۱۱۰] |
1926 | The (Theodor) Svedberg | Sweden | کرسچئین | "for his work on disperse systems"[۱۱۱] | |
1927 | ہائنرش اٹو ویلینڈ | جرمنی | کرسچئین | "for his investigations of the constitution of the bile acids and related substances"[۱۱۲] | |
1928 | ایڈولف اٹو رائنہولڈ ونڈاؤس | جرمنی | کرسچئین | "[for] his research into the constitution of the sterols and his connection with the vitamins"[۱۱۳] | |
1929 | آرتھر ہارڈن | برطانیہ | کرسچئین | "for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes"[۱۱۴] | |
ہانز فان | سویڈن | کرسچئین | |||
1930 | ہانز فشر | جرمنی | پروٹسٹنٹ | "for his researches into the constitution of haemin and chlorophyll and especially for his synthesis of haemin"[۱۱۵] | |
1931 | کارل بوش | جرمنی | پروٹسٹنٹ | "[for] their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods"[۱۱۶] | |
فریڈرخ برجیاس | جرمنی | پروٹسٹنٹ | |||
1934 | Harold Clayton Urey | امریکا | Church of the Brethren[۱۱۷] | "for his discovery of heavy hydrogen"[۱۱۸] | |
1937 | پاول کرر | Switzerland | کرسچئین | "for his investigations on carotenoids, flavins and vitamins A and B2" | |
1938 | رچرڈ کوہن | جرمنی | رومن کیتھولک | "for his work on carotenoids and vitamins"[۱۱۹] | |
1939 | لیپولڈروزکا | سویٹزرلینڈ | رومن کیتھولک | "for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes" | |
1943 | جارج دی ہیوسی | جرمنی | رومن کیتھولک [۱۲۰]of Hungarian Jewish descent[۱۲۱] | "for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes"[۱۲۲] | |
1944 | اوٹو ہان | جرمنی | پروٹسٹنٹ[۱۲۳] | "for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei"[۱۲۴] | |
1945 | ارٹوری المری ورٹنن | Finland | پروٹسٹنٹ | "for his research and inventions in agricultural and nutrition chemistry, especially for his fodder preservation method"[۱۲۵] | |
1946 | جیمز بی سمر | امریکا | کرسچئین | "for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized"[۱۲۶] | |
جان ہورڈ نورتروپ | امریکا | کرسچئین | "for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form"[۱۲۶] | ||
ونڈل میریڈتھ سٹینلی | امریکا | کرسچئین | |||
1947 | Sir Robert Robinson | برطانیہ | پروٹسٹنٹ | "for his investigations on plant products of biological importance, especially the alkaloids"[۱۲۷] | |
1949 | فائل:William Giauque Nobel.jpg | William Francis Giauque | امریکا | پروٹسٹنٹ | "for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics, particularly concerning the behaviour of substances at extremely low temperatures"[۱۲۸] |
1950 | اوٹوڈیلس | مغربی جرمنی | کرسچئین | "for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis"[۱۲۹] | |
کرٹ الڈر | مغربی جرمنی | کرسچئین | |||
1953 | ہرمن سٹاوڈنگر | مغربی جرمنی | کرسچئین | "for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry"[۱۳۰] | |
1962 | میکس پیروٹز | برطانیہ | Raised رومن کیتھولک[۱۳۱][۱۳۲][۱۳۳] | "for his studies of the structures of globular proteins"[۱۳۴] | |
1963 | کارل زیگلر | مغربی جرمنی | Lutheran[۱۳۵] | "for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers"[۱۳۶] | |
گیلیو ناٹا | اٹلی | رومن کیتھولک | |||
1964 | فائل:Dorothy Hodgkin Nobel.jpg | ڈوروتھی ہودگکنگ | برطانیہ | کرسچئین[۱۳۷] | "for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances"[۱۳۸] |
1969 | اوڈ ہسل | ناروے | پروٹسٹنٹ | "for his contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry"[۱۳۹] | |
1970 | گرہارڈہرز برگ | ارجنٹائن | رومن کیتھولک[۱۴۰] | "for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and his role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates"[۱۴۱] | |
1971 | لویس ٖفیڈریکو لیلوئر | Canada/جرمنی | کرسچئین | "for his contributions to the knowledge of electronic structure and geometry of molecules, particularly free radicals"[۱۴۲] | |
1975 | John Warcup Cornforth | Australia برطانیہ |
Presbyterian[۱۴۳] | "for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions"[۱۴۴] | |
ولادمیر پریلوگ | Yugoslavia/Switzerland | رومن کیتھولک | "for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions"[۱۴۴] | ||
1984 | رابرٹ بروس میریفیلڈ | امریکا | کرسچئین[۱۴۵] | "for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix"[۱۴۶] | |
1990 | الیاس جیمز کورے | امریکا | کرسچئین (راسخُ الا عتقاد کلیسا)[۱۴۷] | "for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis"[۱۴۸] | |
1995 | ماریو جے. مولینا | Mexico | رومن کیتھولک[۱۴۹] | "for their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone"[۱۵۰] | |
فرانک شروڈ رولینڈ | امریکا | کرسچئین | |||
1996 | Robert F. Curl Jr. | امریکا | Methodist[۱۵۱] | "for their discovery of fullerenes"[۱۵۲] | |
Richard E. Smalley | امریکا | کرسچئین[۱۵۳] | |||
2003 | پیٹر اگری | امریکا | لوتھریت[۱۵۴][۱۵۵][۱۵۶] | "for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes [...] for the discovery of water channels"[۱۵۷] | |
2007 | گر ہارڈ ارٹل | جرمنی | کرسچئین[۱۵۸] | "for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces"[۱۵۹] | |
2012 | برائن کوبلکا | امریکا | رومن کیتھولک[۱۶۰] | "for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors"[۱۶۱] | |
2014 | Stefan W. Hell | Romania | پروٹسٹنٹ[۱۶۲] | "for the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy"[۱۶۳] |
فعلیات و طب
سودھوسال | انعام یافتہ | ملک | فرقہ | وجہ | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1901 | امیل وون بیرنگ | جرمنی | پروٹسٹنٹ[۱۶۴] | "for his work on serum therapy, especially its application against diphtheria, by which he has opened a new road in the domain of medical science and thereby placed in the hands of the physician a victorious weapon against illness and deaths"[۱۶۵] | |
1902 | Sir رونالڈ روس | برطانیہ بھارت |
پروٹسٹنٹ | "for his work on malaria, by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of combating it"[۱۶۶] | |
1903 | نیلس ریبرگ فنسن | ڈنمارک (جزائرفارو) |
پروٹسٹنٹ | "[for] his contribution to the treatment of diseases, especially lupus vulgaris, with concentrated light radiation, whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical science"[۱۶۷] | |
1905 | رابرٹ کوچ | جرمنی | کرسچئین | "for his investigations and discoveries in relation to tuberculosis"[۱۶۸] | |
1906 | Camillo Golgi | اطالیہ | رومن کیتھولک | "in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system"[۱۶۹] | |
سانتیاگو رامون ای کاخال | ہسپانیہ | رومن کیتھولک[۱۷۰] | |||
1909 | ایمل تھیوڈر کوچر | سویٹزرلینڈ | پروٹسٹنٹ (Moravian Church)[۱۷۱] | "for his work on the physiology, pathology and surgery of the thyroid gland"[۱۷۲] | |
1910 | البرچٹ کوسل | جرمنی | پروٹسٹنٹ | "in recognition of the contributions to our knowledge of cell chemistry made through his work on proteins, including the nucleic substances"[۱۷۳] | |
1912 | الیکسس کارل | France | رومن کیتھولک[۱۷۴] | "[for] his work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs"[۱۷۵] | |
1919 | جیولس بورڈٹ | بلجئیم | کرسچئین | "for his discoveries relating to immunity"[۱۷۶] | |
1920 | Schack August Steenberg Krogh | ڈنمارک | پروٹسٹنٹ | "for his discovery of the capillary motor regulating mechanism"[۱۷۷] | |
1923 | Sir Frederick Grant Banting | کینیڈا | پروٹسٹنٹ (United Church of Canada)[۱۷۸] | "for the discovery of insulin"[۱۷۹] | |
1924 | ویلم ائینتھون | The Netherlands | پروٹسٹنٹ (Lutheran)[۱۸۰][۱۸۱] | "for the discovery of the mechanism of the electrocardiogram"[۱۸۲] | |
1926 | جوہنس فائبگر | ڈنمارک | Lutheran[۱۸۳] | "for his discovery of the Spiroptera carcinoma"[۱۸۴] | |
1928 | Charles Jules Henri Nicolle | France | رومن کیتھولک | "for his work on typhus"[۱۸۵] | |
1929 | کرسچیناجک مین | The Netherlands | پروٹسٹنٹ | "for his discovery of the antineuritic vitamin"[۱۸۶] | |
Sir فریڈرک گولینڈ ہوپکنس | برطانیہ | Chrisian | "for his discovery of the growth-stimulating vitamins"[۱۸۶] | ||
1930 | کارل لینڈ سٹینر | آسٹریا | converted from یہودیت to رومن کیتھولک in 1890[۱۸۷] | "for his discovery of human blood groups"[۱۸۸] | |
1931 | اوٹو ہنرچ وار برگ | جرمنی | کرسچئین[۱۸۹] | "for his discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme"[۱۹۰] | |
1932 | Sir چارلس سکوٹ شرنگ ٹن | برطانیہ | Anglican[۱۹۱] | "for his discoveries regarding the functions of neurons"[۱۹۲] | |
1934 | George Hoyt Whipple | امریکا | پروٹسٹنٹ[۱۹۳] | "for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia"[۱۹۴] | |
George Richards Minot | امریکا | پروٹسٹنٹ[۱۹۵] | |||
William Parry Murphy | امریکا | پروٹسٹنٹ | |||
1935 | ہنس سپیمین | جرمنی | پروٹسٹنٹ[۱۹۶] | "for his discovery of the organizer effect in embryonic development"[۱۹۷] | |
1937 | Albert Szent-Györgyi von Nagyrapolt | مجارستان | Calvinist[۱۹۸][۱۹۹] | "for his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes, with special reference to vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid"[۲۰۰] | |
1938 | Corneille Jean François Heymans | Belgium | رومن کیتھولک[۲۰۱] | "for the discovery of the role played by the sinus and aortic mechanisms in the regulation of respiration"[۲۰۲] | |
1939 | گرہارڈ ڈومگٹ | جرمنی | پروٹسٹنٹ[۲۰۳] | "for the discovery of the antibacterial effects of prontosil"[۲۰۴] | |
1943 | Carl Peter Henrik Dam | Denmark | پروٹسٹنٹ | "for his discovery of vitamin K"[۲۰۵] | |
ایدوارڈ اڈلبرٹڈویسی | امریکا | پروٹسٹنٹ (Congregationalists)[۲۰۶] | "for his discovery of the chemical nature of vitamin K"[۲۰۵] | ||
1945 | Sir الیگزنڈر فلیمنگ | برطانیہ | رومن کیتھولک[۲۰۷] | "for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases"[۲۰۸] | |
1947 | کارل فرڈیننڈ کوری | امریکا | رومن کیتھولک[۲۰۹] | "for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen"[۲۱۰] | |
Gerty Theresa Cori, née Radnitz | امریکا | رومن کیتھولک[۲۱۱] | |||
Bernardo Alberto Houssay | ارجنٹائن | رومن کیتھولک[۲۱۲] | "for his discovery of the part played by the hormone of the anterior pituitary lobe in the metabolism of sugar"[۲۱۰] | ||
1949 | António Caetano Egas Moniz | پرتگال | رومن کیتھولک[۲۱۳] | "for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy (lobotomy) in certain psychoses"[۲۱۴] | |
1951 | میکس تھیلر | جنوبی افریقہ | پروٹسٹنٹ[۲۱۵] | "for his discoveries concerning yellow fever and how to combat it"[۲۱۶] | |
1957 | ڈینئیل بوٹ | اطالیہ | پروٹسٹنٹ | "for his discoveries relating to synthetic compounds that inhibit the action of certain body substances, and especially their action on the vascular system and the skeletal muscles"[۲۱۷] | |
1958 | فائل:George Wells Beadle.jpg | جارج ویل بیڈل | امریکا | کرسچئین[۲۱۸] | "for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events" |
فائل:Edward Lawrie Tatum nobel.jpg | ایڈوارڈ لاورک ٹاوٹم | امریکا | کرسچئین | ||
1959 | فائل:Severo Ochoa nobel.jpg | سیویرو اوچاو | Spain |
رومن کیتھولک | "for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid"[۲۱۹] |
1960 | Sir فرینک میکفر لین برنٹ | Australia | پروٹسٹنٹ[۲۲۰] | "for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance"[۲۲۱] | |
1961 | جارج وون بیکسی | امریکا | کرسچئین[۲۲۲] | "for his discoveries of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea"[۲۲۳] | |
1963 | Sir John Carew Eccles | Australia | رومن کیتھولک[۲۲۴] | "for his discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane"[۲۲۵] | |
1967 | راگنر گرانٹ | Finland/Sweden | پروٹسٹنٹ | "for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye"[۲۲۶] | |
ہالڈن کیفر ہارٹ لائن | امریکا | پروٹسٹنٹ | |||
1972 | روڈنی رابرٹ پوٹر | امریکا | Methodists[۲۲۷] | "for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies"[۲۲۸] | |
1974 | البرٹ کلاوڈی | بلجئیم | رومن کیتھولک[۲۲۹] | "for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell"[۲۳۰] | |
George E. Palade | Romania | راسخُ الا عتقاد کلیسا | |||
1975 | ریناٹو ڈلبیکو | Italy امریکا |
رومن کیتھولک | "for his discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell"[۲۳۱] | |
1976 | D. Carleton Gajdusek | امریکا | Calvinist[۲۳۲] | "for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases"[۲۳۳] | |
1978 | ورنر اربر | Switzerland | پروٹسٹنٹ[۲۳۴] | "for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics"[۲۳۵] | |
1983 | باربرا مک کلنٹک | امریکا | پروٹسٹنٹ (Congregationalists)[۶۳] | "for her discovery of mobile genetic elements"[۲۳۶] | |
1988 | Sir James W. Black | برطانیہ | پروٹسٹنٹ (Baptist)[۲۳۷] | "for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment"[۲۳۸]داء البلهارسياbrown tickShiju.jpg00099#رودسياoxyuris@schistomamars crystaldavidabdelmohsen117retrocyle effhuamnurter#117second_ | |
جارج ایچ ہائیچنگ | امریکا | کرسچئین | |||
1990 | Joseph E. Murray | امریکا | رومن کیتھولک[۲۳۹] | "for his discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease"[۲۴۰] | |
1992 | ایڈمنڈ ایچ فشر[۲۴۱] | Switzerland امریکا |
پروٹسٹنٹ (Presbyterian) | "for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism"[۲۴۲] | |
1995 | ارک ایف. وسچاوس | امریکا | رومن کیتھولک | "for his discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development"[۲۴۳] | |
1998 | Louis J. Ignarro | امریکا | رومن کیتھولک | "for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system"[۲۴۴] | |
فیڑڈ میراڈ | امریکا | کرسچئین[۲۴۵] | |||
2000 | پاول گرین گارڈ | امریکا | پروٹسٹنٹ (Episcopalian)[۲۴۶] | "for his discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system"[۲۴۷] | |
2004 | لنڈابی بک | امریکا | کرسچئین | "for her discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system"[۲۴۸] | |
2007 | Mario R. Capecchi | امریکا | Quaker[۲۴۹] | "for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells."[۲۵۰] | |
Sir Martin J. Evans | برطانیہ | کرسچئین | |||
2012 | Sir John B. Gurdon | برطانیہ | پروٹسٹنٹ (Anglican)[۲۵۱] | "for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent"[۲۵۲] |
ادب
سودھوسال | انعام یافتہ | ملک | فرقہ | وجہ | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1902 | تھیوڈور مومسن | جرمنی | پروٹسٹنٹ | "the greatest living master of the art of historical writing, with special reference to his monumental work, A History of Rome"[۲۵۳] | |
1903 | بیورنستار بیورنسن | Norway | پروٹسٹنٹ[۲۵۴] | "as a tribute to his noble, magnificent and versatile poetry, which has always been distinguished by both the freshness of its inspiration and the rare purity of its spirit"[۲۵۵] | |
1904 | فریڈرک مسترال | France | رومن کیتھولک | "in recognition of the fresh originality and true inspiration of his poetic production, which faithfully reflects the natural scenery and native spirit of his people, and, in addition, his significant work as a Provençal philologist"[۲۵۶] | |
جوزے ایشوگرائے | Spain | رومن کیتھولک | "in recognition of the numerous and brilliant compositions which, in an individual and original manner, have revived the great traditions of the Spanish drama"[۲۵۶] | ||
1905 | ہینرک شنگوچ | Poland | رومن کیتھولک[۲۵۷] | "because of his outstanding merits as an epic writer"[۲۵۸] | |
1909 | سلما لاگرلف | سویڈن | کرسچئین[۲۵۹] | "in appreciation of the lofty idealism, vivid imagination and spiritual perception that characterize her writings"[۲۶۰] | |
1910 | Paul von Heyse | جرمنی | پروٹسٹنٹ of Jewish descent | "as a tribute to the consummate artistry, permeated with idealism, which he has demonstrated during his long productive career as a lyric poet, dramatist, novelist and writer of world-renowned short stories"[۲۶۱] | |
1916 | ورنروون ہایڈنسٹام | سویڈن | کرسچئین[۲۶۲] | "in recognition of his significance as the leading representative of a new era in our literature"[۲۶۳] | |
1923 | William Butler Yeats | Ireland | Anglica[۲۶۴] | "for his always inspired poetry, which in a highly artistic form gives expression to the spirit of a whole nation"[۲۶۵] | |
1924 | ولاڈی سلا ریمنٹ | Poland | رومن کیتھولک[۲۶۶] | "for his great national epic, The Peasants"[۲۶۷] | |
1926 | گیزیا ڈلیڈا | Italy | رومن کیتھولک[۲۶۸] | "for her idealistically inspired writings which with plastic clarity picture the life on her native island and with depth and sympathy deal with human problems in general"[۲۶۹] | |
1928 | سگرڈ انڈسٹ | ناروے (Born in ڈنمارک) |
رومن کیتھولک[۲۷۰] | "principally for her powerful descriptions of Northern life during the Middle Ages"[۲۷۱] | |
1929 | تھامس مین | فائل:Flag of جرمنی (3-2 aspect ratio).svg جرمنی | پروٹسٹنٹ (Lutheran)[۲۷۲][۲۷۳] | "principally for his great novel, Buddenbrooks, which has won steadily increased recognition as one of the classic works of contemporary literature"[۲۷۴] | |
1933 | آیان بینن | France (Born in Russia) | Eastern Orthodox | "for the strict artistry with which he has carried on the classical Russian traditions in prose writing"[۲۷۵] | |
1938 | پرل ایس بک | ریاستہائے متحدہ امریکہ | پروٹسٹنٹ (Southern Presbyterian)[۲۷۶] | "for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China and for her biographical masterpieces"[۲۷۷] | |
1945 | گبریلا مسٹرال | Chile | رومن کیتھولک[۲۷۸] | "for her lyric poetry which, inspired by powerful emotions, has made her name a symbol of the idealistic aspirations of the entire Latin American world"[۲۷۹] | |
1946 | ہرمن ہسی | سویٹزرلینڈ (Born in جرمنی) |
کرسچئین[۲۸۰][۲۸۱] | "for his inspired writings which, while growing in boldness and penetration, exemplify the classical humanitarian ideals and high qualities of style"[۲۸۲] | |
1947 | آندرے ژید | France | پروٹسٹنٹ[۲۸۳] | "for his comprehensive and artistically significant writings, in which human problems and conditions have been presented with a fearless love of truth and keen psychological insight"[۲۸۴] | |
1948 | ٹی۔ ایس ایلیٹ | برطانیہ (Born in the ریاستہائے متحدہ امریکہ) |
Anglican[۲۸۵][۲۸۶] | "for his outstanding, pioneer contribution to present-day poetry"[۲۸۷] | |
1949 | ویلیم فالکنر | ریاستہائے متحدہ امریکہ | پروٹسٹنٹ (Episcopalian) | "for his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel"[۲۸۸] | |
1952 | فرانسیوس ماؤریک | France | رومن کیتھولک[۲۸۹] | "for the deep spiritual insight and the artistic intensity with which he has in his novels penetrated the drama of human life"[۲۹۰] | |
1953 | Sir Winston Churchill | برطانیہ | Anglican | "for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values"[۲۹۱] | |
1954 | Ernest Hemingway | ریاستہائے متحدہ امریکہ | Converts to رومن کیتھولکism[۲۹۲] | "for his mastery of the art of narrative, most recently demonstrated in سمندر اور بوڑھا, and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style"[۲۹۳] | |
1955 | ہالڈورلیکسنس | آئس لینڈ | Converts to رومن کیتھولکism[۲۹۴] | "for his vivid epic power which has renewed the great narrative art of Iceland"[۲۹۵] | |
1956 | جون ریمن جیمنیز | پورٹو ریکو (Born in Spain) | رومن کیتھولک | "for his lyrical poetry, which in Spanish language constitutes an example of high spirit and artistical purity"[۲۹۶] | |
1958 | بریس پاسترناک | سوویت یونین | Converts to راسخُ الا عتقاد کلیسا from Judaism[۲۹۷] | "for his important achievement both in contemporary lyrical poetry and in the field of the great Russian epic tradition"[۲۹۸] | |
1961 | ایواینڈرک | Yugoslavia (Born in آسٹریا-ہنگری) |
رومن کیتھولک | "for the epic force with which he has traced themes and depicted human destinies drawn from the history of his country"[۲۹۹] | |
1962 | جانسٹین بک | ریاستہائے متحدہ امریکہ | Raised Episcopalian[۳۰۰] later he become agnostic | "for his realistic and imaginative writings, combining as they do sympathetic humour and keen social perception"[۳۰۱] | |
1963 | یور گوسسیفرس | Greece (Born in the سلطنت عثمانیہ) |
Greek Orthodox | "for his eminent lyrical writing, inspired by a deep feeling for the Hellenic world of culture"[۳۰۲] | |
1967 | میگوئو ل اینجل اسٹریس | گواتیمالا | رومن کیتھولک | "for his vivid literary achievement, deep-rooted in the national traits and traditions of Indian peoples of Latin America"[۳۰۳] | |
1969 | سیموئل بکٹ | فرانس (Born in آئرلینڈ) | Anglican (Church of Ireland) | "for his writing, which - in new forms for the novel and drama - in the destitution of modern man acquires its elevation"[۳۰۴] | |
1970 | الیکزینڈر سلزینسٹائن | سوویت یونین | Eastern Orthodox[۳۰۵] | "for the ethical force with which he has pursued the indispensable traditions of Russian literature"[۳۰۶] | |
1972 | ہنرک بول | فائل:Flag of جرمنی (3-2 aspect ratio).svg جرمنی (West) | رومن کیتھولک[۳۰۷] | "for his writing which through its combination of a broad perspective on his time and a sensitive skill in characterization has contributed to a renewal of German literature"[۳۰۸] | |
1979 | اودیسس الیٹس | یونان | Greek Orthodox | "for his poetry, which, against the background of Greek tradition, depicts with sensuous strength and intellectual clear-sightedness modern man's struggle for freedom and creativeness"[۳۰۹] | |
1980 | چیکلا ملوسز | ریاستہائے متحدہ امریکہ (Born in Poland) | رومن کیتھولک[۳۱۰] | "who with uncompromising clear-sightedness voices man's exposed condition in a world of severe conflicts"[۳۱۱] | |
1982 | Gabriel García Márquez | کولمبیا | رومن کیتھولک[۳۱۲] | "for his novels and short stories, in which the fantastic and the realistic are combined in a richly composed world of imagination, reflecting a continent's life and conflicts"[۳۱۳] | |
1989 | کمیلو جوز کیلا | سپین | رومن کیتھولک | "for a rich and intensive prose, which with restrained compassion forms a challenging vision of man's vulnerability"[۳۱۴] | |
1990 | اوکٹاویو پاز | میکسیکو | رومن کیتھولک | "for impassioned writing with wide horizons, characterized by sensuous intelligence and humanistic integrity"[۳۱۵] | |
1992 | ڈیرک ولکوٹ | سینٹ لوسیا | پروٹسٹنٹ (Methodist )[۳۱۶] | "for a poetic oeuvre of great luminosity, sustained by a historical vision, the outcome of a multicultural commitment"[۳۱۷] | |
1993 | ٹونی موریسن | ریاستہائے متحدہ امریکہ | رومن کیتھولک[۳۱۸] | "who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import, gives life to an essential aspect of American reality"[۳۱۹] | |
1999 | گنتھر گراس | جرمنی | رومن کیتھولک[۳۲۰][۳۲۱] | "whose frolicsome black fables portray the forgotten face of history"[۳۲۲] | |
2003 | جے ایم کوئٹزی | دکھنی افریقہ آسٹریلیا |
پروٹسٹنٹ[۳۲۳] | "who in innumerable guises portrays the surprising involvement of the outsider"[۳۲۴] | |
2008 | ژاں ماری لی کلیزیو | فرانس موریشس |
رومن کیتھولک | "author of new departures, poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy, explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization"[۳۲۵] | |
2010 | ماریو ورگاس للوسا | پیرو سپین |
رومن کیتھولک[۳۲۶] | "for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual's resistance, revolt, and defeat"[۳۲۷] |
امن
سودھوسال | انعام یافتہ | ملک | فرقہ | وجہ | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1902 | الی ڈوکمن | سویٹزرلینڈ | پروٹسٹنٹ | "[For his role as] the first honorary secretary of the عالمی امن دفتر"[۳۲۸] | |
ایلبرٹ گوباٹ | پروٹسٹنٹ | "[For his role as the] first Secretary General of the Inter-Parliamentary Union" | |||
1903 | William Randal Cremer | فائل:Flag of the برطانیہ.svg برطانیہ | Methodist | "[For his role as the] the 'first father' of the Inter-Parliamentary Union"[۳۲۹] | |
1905 | برتھا فان ستنر | آسٹریا-ہنگری | رومن کیتھولک[۳۳۰] | For authoring Lay Down Your Arms and contributing to the creation of the Prize[۱۲][۳۳۱] | |
1906 | تھیوڈور روزویلٹ | ریاستہائے متحدہ امریکہ | پروٹسٹنٹ (Dutch Reformed Church)[۳۳۲] | "[F]or his successful mediation to end the Russo-Japanese war and for his interest in arbitration, having provided the Hague arbitration court with its very first case"[۱۲][۳۳۳] | |
1907 | ارنسٹ ٹیوڈورو مونیٹا | Italy | رومن کیتھولک | "[For his work as a] key leader of the Italian peace movement"[۱۲][۳۳۴] | |
Louis Renault | France | رومن کیتھولک | "[For his work as a] leading French international jurist and a member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration at The Hague" | ||
1909 | آگسٹے بیرنارٹ | بیلجیم | رومن کیتھولک | "[For being a] representative to the two Hague conferences, and a leading figure in the Inter-Parliamentary Union"[۱۲][۳۳۵] | |
Paul Henri d'Estournelles de Constant | France | پروٹسٹنٹ (کالوینیت) | "[For] combined diplomatic work for Franco-German and Franco-British understanding with a distinguished career in international arbitration"[۱۲][۳۳۵] | ||
1912 | الیہو روٹ[A] | ریاستہائے متحدہ امریکہ | پروٹسٹنٹ (Presbyterian) | "[F]or his strong interest in international arbitration and for his plan for a world court"[۱۲][۳۳۶] | |
1919 | ووڈرو ولسن | ریاستہائے متحدہ امریکہ | پروٹسٹنٹ (Presbyterian)[۳۳۷] | "[F]or his crucial role in establishing the جمعیت الاقوام"[۱۲][۳۳۸] | |
1921 | یلمار برانٹنگ | سویڈن | Lutheran (Church of Sweden)[۳۳۹] | "[F]or his work in the جمعیت الاقوام"[۱۲][۳۴۰] | |
فائل:کرسچئین Lous Lange.jpg | کرسچئین Lange | ناروے | Lutheran (Church of Norway) | "[For his work as] the first secretary of the Norwegian Nobel Committee" and "the secretary-general of the Inter-Parliamentary Union"[۱۲][۳۴۰] | |
1925 | اسٹن چیمبرلین[A] | برطانیہ | Unitarian[۳۴۱] | For work on the Locarno Treaties[۱۲][۳۴۲] | |
چارلز ڈاز[A] | ریاستہائے متحدہ امریکہ | پروٹسٹنٹ (Congregationalist) | "[F]or [work on] the Dawes Plan for German reparations which was seen as having provided the economic underpinning of the Locarno Pact of 1925"[۱۲][۳۴۲] | ||
1926 | گستاف سٹریسمان | فائل:Flag of جرمنی (3-2 aspect ratio).svg جرمنی | پروٹسٹنٹ | For work on the Locarno Treaties[۱۲][۳۴۳] | |
1927 | فرڈیننڈ بوئسوں | France | پروٹسٹنٹ[۳۴۴] | "[For] contributions to Franco-German popular reconciliation"[۱۲][۳۴۵] | |
1930 | ناتھن سودربلوم | سویڈن | Lutheran (Church of Sweden) | "[F]or his efforts to involve the churches not only in work for ecumenical unity, but also for world peace"[۱۲][۳۴۶] | |
1931 | جین ایڈمز | ریاستہائے متحدہ امریکہ | پروٹسٹنٹ (Presbyterian)[۳۴۷] | "[F]or her social reform work" and "leading the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom"[۱۲][۳۴۸] | |
نکولس مرے بٹلر | پروٹسٹنٹ (Episcopalian) | "[For his promotion] of the Briand-Kellogg pact" and for his work as the "leader of the more establishment-oriented part of the American peace movement"[۱۲][۳۴۸] | |||
1934 | آرتھر ہینڈرسن | برطانیہ | پروٹسٹنٹ (Methodist)[۳۴۹] | "[F]or his work for the League, particularly its efforts in disarmament"[۱۲][۳۵۰][۳۵۱] | |
1935 | کارل فان اوسیتزکی[B] | جرمنی | پروٹسٹنٹ (Lutheran)[۳۵۲] | "[For his] struggle against جرمنی's rearmament"[۱۲][۳۵۳] | |
1945 | کورڈل ہل | ریاستہائے متحدہ امریکہ | پروٹسٹنٹ (Episcopalian)[۳۵۴] | "[For] his fight against isolationism at home, his efforts to create a peace bloc of states on the American continents, and his work for the United Nations Organization"[۳۵۵] | |
1946 | ایملی گرین بالچ | ریاستہائے متحدہ امریکہ | Quaker[۳۵۶] | "Formerly Professor of History and Sociology; Honorary International President, Women's International League for Peace and Freedom"[۳۵۷] | |
John Raleigh Mott | پروٹسٹنٹ (Methodist)[۳۵۸] | "Chairman, International Missionary Council; President, World Alliance of Young Men's کرسچئین Associations"[۳۵۷] | |||
1947 | Friends Service Council | برطانیہ | Quaker | "compassion for others and the desire to help them"[۳۵۹] | |
امریکن فرینڈز سروس کمیٹی | ریاستہائے متحدہ امریکہ | Religious Society of Friends (Quaker) | |||
1949 | The Lord Boyd-Orr | برطانیہ | پروٹسٹنٹ (Free Church of Scotland)[۳۶۰] | "Physician; Alimentary Politician; Prominent organizer and Director, General ادارہ برائے خوراک و زراعت; President, National Peace Council and World Union of Peace Organizations"[۳۶۱] | |
1950 | رالف جانسن بنچ | ریاستہائے متحدہ امریکہ | پروٹسٹنٹ (Baptist)[۳۶۲] | "Professor, Harvard University Cambridge, MA; Director, division of Trusteeship, U.N.; Acting Mediator in Palestine, 1948"[۳۶۳] | |
1952 | البرٹ شویتزر | France | کرسچئین[۳۶۴] | "Missionary surgeon; Founder of لامبارینی (République de Gabon)"[۳۶۵] | |
1953 | George Catlett Marshall | ریاستہائے متحدہ امریکہ | پروٹسٹنٹ (Episcopalian)[۳۶۶] | "General President American Red Cross; Former Secretary of State and of Defense; Delegate U.N.; Originator of [the] 'مارشل منصوبہسانچہ:'"[۳۶۷] | |
1957 | Lester Bowles Pearson | کینیڈا | پروٹسٹنٹ (United Church of Canada)[۳۶۸] | "former Secretary of State for External Affairs of Canada; former President of the 7th Session of the United Nations General Assembly";[۳۶۹] "for his role in trying to end the Suez conflict and to solve the Middle East question through the United Nations."[۱۲] | |
1958 | جارج پائر | بیلجیم | رومن کیتھولک | "Father in the Dominican Order; Leader of the relief organization for refugees "L'Europe du Coeur au Service du Monde""[۳۷۰] | |
1959 | Philip Noel-Baker | برطانیہ | Quaker[۳۷۱] | "Member of Parliament; lifelong ardent worker for international peace and co-operation"[۳۷۲] | |
1960 | ایلبرٹ لوٹولی | South Africa (Born in Southern Rhodesia) |
پروٹسٹنٹ (Methodist) | "President of the African National Congress,"[۳۷۳] "was in the very forefront of the struggle against apartheid in South Africa."[۱۲] | |
1961 | داگ ہمارشولد[C] | سویڈن | پروٹسٹنٹ (Lutheran)[۳۷۴] | "Secretary General of the U.N.,"[۳۷۵] awarded "for strengthening the organization."[۱۲] | |
1964 | مارٹن لوتھر کنگ جونیئر | ریاستہائے متحدہ امریکہ | پروٹسٹنٹ (Baptist; Progressive National Baptist Convention) | Campaigner for civil rights, "first person in the Western world to have shown us that a struggle can be waged without violence."[۳۷۶] | |
1970 | Norman E. Borlaug | ریاستہائے متحدہ امریکہ | پروٹسٹنٹ (Lutheran) | "International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center;"[۳۷۷] "for his contributions to the "green revolution" that was having such an impact on food production particularly in Asia and in Latin America."[۱۲] | |
1971 | ولی برانت | فائل:Flag of جرمنی (3-2 aspect ratio).svg جرمنی (West) | پروٹسٹنٹ (Lutheran)[۳۷۸] | "Chancellor of the Federal Republic of جرمنی; for West جرمنی's Ostpolitik"[۳۷۹] | |
1974 | سین میک برائیڈ | آئرلینڈ (Born in France) |
رومن کیتھولک[۳۸۰] | "President of the عالمی امن دفتر; President of the Commission of نمیبیا."[۳۸۱] "For his strong interest in human rights: piloting the European Convention on Human Rights through the Council of Europe, helping found and then lead Amnesty International and serving as secretary-general of the International Commission of Jurists"[۱۲] | |
1976 | Betty Williams | برطانیہ | رومن کیتھولک | "Founder[s] of the Northern Ireland Peace Movement (later renamed Community of Peace People)"[۳۸۲] | |
Mairead Corrigan | رومن کیتھولک[۳۸۳] | ||||
1979 | مدر ٹریسا | البانیا (Born in Ottoman Kosovo) | رومن کیتھولک[۳۸۴] | "Founder of Missionaries of Charity"[۳۸۵] | |
1980 | ایڈولفو اسقویول | ارجنٹائن | رومن کیتھولک[۳۸۶] | "Human rights leader;"[۳۸۷] "founded non-violent human rights organizations to fight the military junta that was ruling his country (Argentina)."[۱۲] | |
1982 | الفانسو گارشیا روبلز | میکسیکو | رومن کیتھولک | "[for] his magnificent work in the disarmament negotiations of the United Nations, where they have both played crucial roles and won international recognition"[۳۸۸][۳۸۹] | |
1983 | لیخ والینسا | Poland | رومن کیتھولک[۳۹۰] | "Founder of Solidarność; campaigner for human rights"[۳۹۱] | |
1984 | ڈسمنڈ ٹوٹو | دکھنی افریقہ | پروٹسٹنٹ (Anglican) | "Bishop of Johannesburg; former Secretary General, South African Council of Churches"[۳۹۲] | |
1987 | اوسکر اریآس | کوسٹاریکا | رومن کیتھولک | "for his work for peace in Central America, efforts which led to the accord signed in Guatemala on August 7 this year"[۳۹۳] | |
1993 | نیلسن منڈیلا | دکھنی افریقہ | پروٹسٹنٹ (Methodist)[۳۹۴] | "for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime, and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa"[۳۹۵] | |
Frederik Willem de Klerk | پروٹسٹنٹ (Reformed)[۳۹۶] | ||||
1996 | کارلس بیلو | انڈونیشیا | رومن کیتھولک | "for their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor."[۳۹۷] | |
جوز ریموس ہورٹا | رومن کیتھولک | ||||
1998 | جان ہیوم | برطانیہ | رومن کیتھولک[۳۹۸] | "for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland"[۳۹۹] | |
ڈیوڈ ٹرمبل | پروٹسٹنٹ (Presbyterian)[۴۰۰][۴۰۱] | ||||
2000 | کم ڈے ژونگ | جنوبی کوریا | رومن کیتھولک[۴۰۲] | "for his work for democracy and human rights in South Korea and in East Asia in general, and for peace and reconciliation with North Korea in particular"[۴۰۳] | |
2001 | کوفی عنان | گھانا | پروٹسٹنٹ[۴۰۴] | "for his work for a better organized and more peaceful world"[۴۰۵] | |
2002 | جمی کارٹر | ریاستہائے متحدہ امریکہ | پروٹسٹنٹ (Baptist)[۴۰۶] | "for his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts, to advance democracy and human rights, and to promote economic and social development"[۴۰۷] | |
2004 | Wangari Muta Maathai | کینیا | رومن کیتھولک[۴۰۸] | "for her contribution to sustainable development, democracy and peace"[۴۰۹] | |
2007 | ایل گور | ریاستہائے متحدہ امریکہ | پروٹسٹنٹ (Baptist) | "for his efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change"[۴۱۰] | |
2008 | مارٹی اہتیشری | فن لینڈ | پروٹسٹنٹ (Lutheran) | "for his efforts on several continents and over more than three decades, to resolve international conflicts"[۴۱۱] | |
2009 | بارک اوباما | ریاستہائے متحدہ امریکہ | پروٹسٹنٹ[۴۱۲] | "for his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples."[۴۱۳] | |
2011 | ایلن جانسن سرلیف | لائبیریا | پروٹسٹنٹ (Methodist)[۴۱۴] | "for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work"[۴۱۵] | |
لیما غبووی | پروٹسٹنٹ (Lutheran)[۴۱۶] |
معاشیات
سودھوسال | انعام یافتہ | ملک | فرقہ | وجہ | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1969 | راگنرفرشچ | ناروے | پروٹسٹنٹ[۷۱] | "for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes" | |
جان ٹنبرجن | نیدرلینڈز | پروٹسٹنٹ | |||
1975 | تجالنگ کوپمنس | نیدرلینڈز ریاستہائے متحدہ امریکہ |
پروٹسٹنٹ | "for his contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources"[۴۱۷] | |
1979 | تھیوڈور سکلٹز | ریاستہائے متحدہ امریکہ | پروٹسٹنٹ | "for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries."[۴۱۸] | |
Arthur Lewis | سینٹ لوسیا برطانیہ |
رومن کیتھولک[۴۱۹] | |||
1982 | جیورج سٹگلر | ریاستہائے متحدہ امریکہ | کرسچئین[۴۲۰] | "for his seminal studies of industrial structures, functioning of markets and causes and effects of public regulation"[۴۲۱] | |
1986 | جیمز ایم۔ بچانن | ریاستہائے متحدہ امریکہ | پروٹسٹنٹ[۴۲۲] | "for his development of the contractual and constitutional bases for the theory of economic and political decision-making"[۴۲۳] | |
1988 | ماورس آلیس | فرانس | رومن کیتھولک | "for his pioneering contributions to the theory of markets and efficient utilization of resources"[۴۲۴] | |
1989 | ٹراگیو ہیولمو | ناروے | پروٹسٹنٹ[۴۲۵] | "for his clarification of the probability theory foundations of econometrics and his analyses of simultaneous economic structures"[۴۲۶] | |
1994 | جون ہارسانئے | ریاستہائے متحدہ امریکہ | Raised a devout Catholic,[۴۲۷] later he abandoned Catholicism | "for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games."[۴۲۸] | |
رینہارڈ سیلٹن | جرمنی | Raised as پروٹسٹنٹ,[۴۲۹] later he left the church | |||
1996 | ولیم وکری | کینیڈا ریاستہائے متحدہ امریکہ |
Quaker [۴۳۰] | "for his fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information"[۴۳۱] | |
2003 | رابرٹ ایف۔اینگل | ریاستہائے متحدہ امریکہ | Quaker[۴۳۲] | "for methods of analyzing economic time series with time-varying volatility (ARCH)"[۴۳۳] | |
کلائوگرینجر | برطانیہ | کرسچئین | "for methods of analyzing economic time series with common trends (cointegration)"[۴۳۳] | ||
2009 | الینر اوسٹرم | ریاستہائے متحدہ امریکہ | پروٹسٹنٹ[۴۳۴] | "for her analysis of economic governance, especially the commons"[۴۳۵] | |
2010 | کریسٹوفر اے . پسارائیڈ | قبرص | راسخُ الا عتقاد کلیسا[۴۳۶] | "for his analysis of markets with search frictions"[۴۳۷] | |
2013 | Eugene F. Fama | ریاستہائے متحدہ امریکہ | رومن کیتھولک[۴۳۸] | "for their empirical analysis of asset prices." | |
رابرٹ جے۔ شیلر | پروٹسٹنٹ (Methodist)[۴۳۹] |
مزید دیکھئے
سودھو- List of Nobel Peace Laureates
- نوبل انعام یافتہ حبشی شخصیات کی فہرست
- نوبل انعام یافتہ یہودی شخصیات کی فہرست
- فہرست نوبل انعام یافتہ مسلمان شخصیات
- بھارتی نوبل انعام یافتگان
- List of کرسچئین thinkers in science
- فہرست نوبل انعام یافتگان بلحاظ ملک
- نوبل انعام وصول کنندگان کی فہرست
- نوبل انعام یافتہ خواتین شخصیات کی فہرست
حوالے
سودھو- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/Date_validation/ar at line 45: attempt to compare number with nil.
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<ref>
ٹیگ کوئی لکھت نئیں دتی گئی اتے پتےGov't Rejects Newspaper Story
لئی۔ - ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/Date_validation/ar at line 45: attempt to compare number with nil.
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- ↑ [۳]
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سائیٹ غلطی: <ref>
ٹیگ اک ٹولی جیدا ناں "lower-alpha" اے ہیگے نیں، پر کوئی <references group="lower-alpha"/>
ٹیگ نا لبھیا۔