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ابتدائی حروف تے حروف صحیح

سودھو
حروف آخری-وسطی-ابتدائی معیاری چینی
تلفظ
ہانیو پنین عربی

تلفظ
فارسی

تلفظ
مثال نوٹس
1     [ɑ]، [a] a, a-, -a, -a- [ʔ]، [a:]، [æ:] [ʔ]، [ɔ]، [æ] اَ(阿ā) vowel sound
2     [p]|[b]- b- [b] [b] بَا(爸bà)
3     [pʰ]- p- none [p] پُ(婆pó) borrowed from Persian
4     [tʰ]- t- [t] [t] تَا(塔tǎ)
5     [tɕʰ]-, [ɕ]- q-, x- [θ] [s] ثِئ(些xiē) sound change occurs when representing Chinese
6     [tɕʰ]- q- none none ٿْو(穷qióng)
7     [tʂ]- zh- [dʒ] [dʒ] جـْ(这zhè) sound change occurs when representing Chinese
8     [tʂʰ]- ch- none [tʃ] چـْ(车chē) borrowed from Persian
9     [x]- h- [ħ] [h] حـْ(河hé) used before syllable with the Hanyu Pinyin finals -e, -ei, -en, -eng
10     [x]- h- [x] [x] خـُ(湖hú) used before syllables with the Hanyu Pinyin finals -u, -ua, -uai, -uan, -uang, -ui, -un, -uo
11     [t]|[d]-, [tɕ]- d-, j- [d] [d] دٍْ(钉dīng) also used to represent a few syllables with the Hanyu Pinyin initial j-
12     [ts]- z- [ð] [z] ذَىْ(在zài)
13     -[ɻ] -r [r] [r] لِر(粒lìr) represents the rhotic final -r sound
14     none none [z] [z] زَكَاة(زکات) only used with Arabic loans
15     [ʐ]|[ɻ]- r- none [ʒ] ژْ(热rè) borrowed from Persian
16     [s]-, [ɕ]- s-, x- [s] [s] سٍ(信xìn) also used to represent a few syllables with the Hanyu Pinyin initials s- and sh-
17     [s]- s- none none  (思sī) only used for entering tone or formerly entering tone syllables
18     [ʂ]-, [ɕ]- sh-, x- [ʃ] [ʃ] شِ(是shì) also used to represent a few syllables with the Hanyu Pinyin initial x-
19     [s]- s- [sˤ]|[sˠ] [s] صْ(色sè)
20     none none [dˤ]|[ðˠ] [z] الْضَّاد(letter ض) only used with Arabic loans
21     [tsʰ]- c- none none ڞْ(册cè)
22     [ts]- z- [tˤ]|[tˠ] [t] طٌ(遵zūn) sound change occurs when representing Chinese
23     [ts]- z- [ðˤ]|[ðˠ] [z] ظْ(作zuò) sound change occurs when representing Chinese
24     [ə] e, e-, -e, -e- [ʕ] [ʔ] عـَ(恶è) a vowel when representing Chinese, but considered a حرف صحیح when representing Arabic and Persian loans
25     none none [ɣ]|[ʁ] [ɣ]، [q]، [ɢ]، [x] غَبْن(criminal fraud) only used with Arabic loans
26     [f]- f- [f] [f] فِ(废fèi)
27     [k]|[ɡ]- g- [q] [q]، [ɢ] قَ(个ge) sound change occurs when representing Chinese
28     none none [k] none كَلِمَة(proverb) only used with Arabic loans
28     [kʰ]- k- none [k] کْ(可kě) borrowed from Persian
29     none none none [ɡ] گنج(treasure) borrowed from Persian and only used with Persian loans
30     [ŋ]-, [ɲ]- ng-, gn- none none ݣْا(仰ngǎng) relatively rare, used to represent either the [ŋ]- initial of Ningxia and Inner Mongolia or the [ɲ]- initial of Gansu and Qinghai
31     [l]- l- [l]|[lˤ] [l] لِ(里lǐ)
32     [m]|[n]- m-, n- [m] [m] مِ(秘mì)
33     [n]- n- [n] [n] نِ(你nǐ)
34     [x]- h- [h] [h]، [ɛ]، [æ] هَا(哈hā) mostly used with Arabic loans, used before syllables with the Hanyu Pinyin finals -a, -ai, -an, -ang, -ao
35     [u]، [ʊ] wu, u-, -u, -u- [w]، [u:] [v]، [u]، [o]، [ow] ءُ(无wú) vowel sound
36     none none [j]، [i:] none يَوْم(قیامت) only used with Arabic loans and a vowel sound
36     [i]، [ɪ] yi, i-, -i, -i- none [j]، [i]، [e] يَا(呀ya) borrowed from Persian and a vowel sound

آخری تے حروف علت

سودھو
طرز تحریر معیاری چینی
تلفظ
ہانیو پنین مثال نوٹس
1  or   [ɑ] a اَ(阿ā)
2   -[ɑ] -a دَا(大dà)
3   [iɑ] ya يَا(呀ya)
4   -[iɑ] -ia كِا(家jiā) limited to syllables with the Hanyu Pinyin initials j-, q-, x-, l-
5   [uɑ] wa وَ(娃wá)
6   -[uɑ] -ua قُوَ(刮guā)
7 none [o] o none rare, no representation in Xiao'erjing
8 none [uo]|[uɔ] wo none rare, no representation in Xiao'erjing
9   [ə]|[ɤ] e عـَ(恶è)
10  or   -[ə]|[ɤ] -e دْ(德dé)
11   [uə] wo وَع(我wǒ)
12   -[uə] -uo قُوَع(国guó)
13   [ɑɻ] er عَر(儿ér)
14   -[ɻ] -r لِر(粒lìr) represents the rhotic final -r sound
15 none [ɛ] ê none rare, no representation in Xiao'erjing
16   [iɛ] ye اِئ(耶yē)
17   -[iɛ] -سانچہ:Not a typo كِئ(解jiě)
18   [yɛ] yue يُؤ(约yuē)
19   -[yɛ] -üe, -ue كُؤ(决jué) limited to syllables with the Hanyu Pinyin initials j-, q-, x-, l-, n-
20  or   [i] yi ءِ(意yì)
21   -[i] -i چـِ(其qí)
22   -[ ] -i ذِ(子zǐ) limited to syllables with the Hanyu Pinyin initials z-, c-, s-
23   -[ɨ] -i جـِ(知zhī) limited to syllables with the Hanyu Pinyin initials zh-, ch-, sh-, r-
24   [aɪ] ai اَىْ(爱ài)
25   -[aɪ] -ai كَىْ(凯kǎi)
26 none [eɪ] ei none rare, no representation in Xiao'erjing
27  or   -[eɪ] -ei دِؤ(得děi)
28   [uaɪ] wai وَىْ(歪wāi)
29   -[uaɪ] -uai كُوَىْ(块kuài)
30   [ueɪ] wei وِ(为wèi)
31   -[ueɪ] -ui حُوِ(回huí)
32  or   [u] wu ءُ(无wú)
33  or   -[u] -u كُو(苦kǔ)
34   [aʊ] ao اَوْ(奥ào)
35   -[aʊ] -ao قَوْ(高gāo)
36   [əʊ]|[ɤʊ] ou عِوْ(偶ǒu)
37   -[əʊ]|[ɤʊ] -ou كِوْ(口kǒu)
38   [iaʊ] yao يَوْ(要yào)
39   -[iaʊ] -iao كِيَوْ(教jiào)
40   [iəʊ]|[iɤʊ] you يِوْ(有yǒu)
41   -[iəʊ]|[iɤʊ] -iu نِيِوْ(牛niú)
42   [y] yu يُوْ(与yǔ)
43  and   -[y] -ü, -u نُوُ(女nǚ) limited to syllables with the Hanyu Pinyin initials j-, q-, x-, l-, n-
44   [an] an ءًا(安ān)
45   -[an] -an دًا(但dàn)
46  or  or   [ən] en ءٌ(恩ēn)
47  or   -[ən] -en قٍ(根gēn)
48  or   [in] yin ءٍ(因yīn)
49   -[in] -in ٿٍ(勤qín)
50   [yn] yun ىٌ(孕yùn)
51   -[yn] -un کٌ(均jūn) limited to syllables with the Hanyu Pinyin initials j-, q-, x-
52   [iɛn] yan يًا(严yán)
53   -[iɛn] -ian لِيًا(练liàn)
54   [uan]|[wan] wan وًا(万wàn)
55   -[uan] -uan كُوًا(宽kuān)
56   [yɛn] yuan يُوًا(源yuán)
57   -[yɛn] -uan كُوًا(捐juān) limited to syllables with the Hanyu Pinyin initials j-, q-, x-
58   [uən]|[wən] wen وٌ(问wèn)
59   -[uən] -un کٌ(困kùn)
60   [ɑŋ] ang ءْا(昂áng)
61   -[ɑŋ] -ang قْا(刚gāng)
62 none [əŋ] eng none rare, no representation in Xiao'erjing
63  or   -[ɤŋ] -eng قْع(更gèng)
64   [iŋ] ying ىٍْ(应yīng)
65   -[iŋ] -ing لٍْ(另lìng)
66   -[ʊŋ] -ong خْو(宏hóng)
67  or   [yʊŋ] yong يْو(用yòng)
68  or   -[yʊŋ] -iong ٿْو(穷qióng) limited to syllables with the Hanyu Pinyin initials j-, q-, x-
69   [iɑŋ] yang يْا(羊yáng)
70   -[iɑŋ] -iang لِيْا(良liáng)
71   [uɑŋ]|[wɑŋ] wang وْا(忘wàng)
72   -[uɑŋ] -uang كُوْا(况kuàng)
73   [uɤŋ]|[wɤŋ] weng وْع(翁wēng)

مثال

سودھو
  • شیاورجنگ: 
  • چینی حروف (آسان):“人人生而自由,在尊严和权利上一律平等。他们赋有理性和良心,并应以兄弟关系的精神互相对待。”
  • چینی حروف (روایتی):「人人生而自由,在尊嚴和權利上一律平等。他們賦有理性和良心,並應以兄弟關係的精神互相對待。」
  • ہانیو پنین: "Rénrén shēng ér zìyóu, zài zūnyán hé quánlì shàng yílǜ píngděng. Tāmen fù yǒu lǐxìng hé liángxīn, bìng yīng yǐ xiōngdiguānxì de jīngshén hùxiāng duìdài."
  • انگریزی: "All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act toward one another in a spirit of brotherhood."

حوالے

سودھو
  1. Michael Dillon (1999). China's Muslim Hui community: migration, settlement and sects. Richmond: Curzon Press. ISBN 0-7007-1026-4. Retrieved on 2010-06-28. 
  2. Howard Yuen Fung Choy (2008). Remapping the past: fictions of history in Deng's China, 1979 -1997. BRILL. ISBN 90-04-16704-8. Retrieved on 2010-11-30. 
  3. Daftar-i Muṭālaʻāt-i Siyāsī va Bayn al-Milalī (Iran) (2000). The Iranian journal of international affairs, Volume 12. Institute for Political and International Studies. Retrieved on 2010-11-30. 
  4. Centre for the Study of Religion and Communism (2003). Religion in communist lands, Volume 31. Centre for the Study of Religion and Communism. Retrieved on 2010-11-30.