قات
قات (Khat یا Qat) (عربی: قات) [۱] قرن افریقہ تے جزیرہ نما عرب دا اک مقامی پھُل دار پودا اے۔ انہاں علاقےآں دے لوکاں وچ قات چبانے دی تریخ ہزاراں سال پرانی اے۔[۲]
ضابطہ
سودھو1980 وچ عالمی ادارہ صحت قات دی درجہ بندی اک نشہ آور پودے دے طور اُتے دی (تمباکو یا شراب توں کم) "[۳]
افریقہ
سودھوایتھوپیتا
سودھوقانونی - ایتھوپیتا۔[۴]
صومالیہ
سودھوقانونی - صومالیہ۔<[۴]
جبوتی
سودھوقانونی - جبونتی۔[۵]
کینیا
سودھوقانونی - کینیا۔[۶]
جنوبی افریقہ
سودھوجنوبی افریقہ وچ ، قات اک محفوظ درخت اے۔[۷]
ایشیا
سودھوچین
سودھواسرائیل
سودھوبنیادی طور اُتے یمنی یہودی استعمال کردے نيں۔
ملائشیا
سودھوغیر قانونی - ملائشیا۔
سعودی عرب
سودھوغیر قانونی - سعودی عرب۔[۹]
يمن
سودھوقانونی - يمن۔<[۴]
یورپ
سودھوفنلینڈ
سودھوغیر قانونی [۱۰]
فرانس
سودھوممنوع [۱۱]
جرمنی
سودھوغیر قانونی
آئس لینڈ
سودھوجمہوریہ آئرلینڈ
سودھوممنوع
نیدرلینڈز
سودھوناروے
سودھوغیر قانونی [۱۷]
پولینڈ
سودھوغیر قانونی [۱۸]
برطانیہ
سودھوغیر قانونی [۱۹][۲۰][۲۱][۲۲][۲۳][۲۴][۲۵][۲۶][۲۷][۲۸][۲۹][۳۰][۳۱][۳۲]
شمالی امریکا
سودھوکینیڈا
سودھوریاستہائے متحدہ امریکا
سودھوجنوبی امریکا
سودھوجنوبی امریکا وچ قات دے بارے وچ کوئی قانون نئيں اے
اوقیانوسیہ
سودھوآسٹریلیا
سودھوقات دی درآمد نوں کسٹم دے تحت کنٹرول کیتا جاندا اے۔ انفرادی صارفین دے لئی اجازت نامہ حاصل کرنا ضروری اے۔[۴۰][۴۱][۴۲][۴۳]
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مغربی یمن وچ قات دی کاشت -
قات دا درخت -
اک یمنی قات چباندے ہوئے -
قات دی گڈیاں -
اک یمنی قات چباندے ہوئے
حوالے
سودھو- ↑ Dickens, Charles [Digitized February 19, 2010] (1856). "The Orsons of East Africa", Household Words: A Weekly Journal, Volume 14. Bradbury & Evans, 176. Retrieved on 9 January 2014. سانچہ:Open access (Free eBook)
- ↑ Al-Mugahed, Leen (2008). "Khat Chewing in Yemen: Turning over a New Leaf: Khat Chewing Is on the Rise in Yemen, Raising Concerns about the Health and Social Consequences". Bulletin of the World Health Organization 86 (10): 741–2. doi:. PMID 18949206. PMC: 2649518. http://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-188738635/khat-chewing-in-yemen-turning-over-a-new-leaf-khat. Retrieved on
- ↑ "World Health Organization Expert Committee on Dependence-producing Drugs: Fourteenth Report"۔ United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime۔
|archive-url=بحاجة لـ|archive-date=(معاونت) میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ - ↑ ۴.۰ ۴.۱ ۴.۲ "Haight-Ashbury Free Medical Clinic". Journal of psychoactive drugs (Haight-Ashbury Publications) 41: 3. 2009.
- ↑ Thomson Gale (Firm), Countries of the World and Their Leaders Yearbook 2007, Volume 1, (Thomson Gale: 2006), p.545.
- ↑ "SAPTA – Khat"۔
|archive-url=بحاجة لـ|archive-date=(معاونت) میں اصل سے آرکائیو شدہ - ↑ "Protected Trees". Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Republic of South Africa. 3 May 2013.
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- ↑ "Khat use on the increase in Finland". HELSINGIN SANOMAT. https://web.archive.org/web/20181226020237/https://www.hs.fi/english/article/Khat+use+on+the+increase+in+Finland/1135233645151%20/. Retrieved on ۲۳ مئی ۲۰۱۱.
- ↑ Drugs.com (1 January 2007). "Complete Khat Info". Jump up ^ Giannini, A.J.; Castellani, S. (July 1982). "A manic-like psychosis due to khat (Catha edulis Forsk.)". Journal of Toxicology. Clinical Toxicology 19 (5): 455–9. doi:10.3109/15563658208992500. PMID 7175990
- ↑ "Hald lagt á fíkniefnið Khat í fyrsta sinn" (in Icelandic). 2010-08-19. https://web.archive.org/web/20181226020305/https://www.mbl.is/frettir/innlent/2010/08/18/hald_lagt_a_fikniefnid_khat_i_fyrsta_sinn/%20/. Retrieved on ۲۰ اکتوبر ۲۰۱۹.
- ↑ "60 kíló af fíkniefnum" (in Icelandic). 2011-05-18. https://web.archive.org/web/20181226020318/https://www.mbl.is/frettir/innlent/2011/05/18/60_kilo_af_fikniefnum/%20/. Retrieved on ۲۰ اکتوبر ۲۰۱۹.
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- ↑ "Dz.U. 2009 nr 63 poz. 520"سانچہ:Dead link
- ↑ Klein, Axel (2007). "Khat and the creation of tradition in the Somali diaspora", Drugs in Society: European Perspectives. Oxford: Radcliffe Publishing, 51–61. ISBN 978-1-84619-093-3.
- ↑ Warfa, N.; Klein, A.; Bhui, K.; Leavey, G.; Craig, T.; Alfred Stansfeld, S. (2007). "Khat use and mental illness: A critical review". Social Science & Medicine 65 (2): 309–318. doi:. PMID 17544193.
- ↑ Warsi, Sayeeda (15 June 2008). "Conservatives will ban khat". Comment is free (London: The Guardian). https://web.archive.org/web/20181226020206/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2008/jun/15/drugspolicy.somalia+. Retrieved on ۲۱ اگست ۲۰۱۰.
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/Date_validation/ar at line 45: attempt to compare number with nil.
- ↑ "Call for new controls on legal drug khat". Sky News. 19 June 2010. https://archive.ph/20140126040555/http://news.sky.com/story/786736/call-for-new-controls-on-legal-drug-khat. Retrieved on ۲۶ جنوری ۲۰۱۴.
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/Date_validation/ar at line 45: attempt to compare number with nil.
- ↑ "Khat: A review of its potential harms to the individual and communities in the UK" (PDF)۔ Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs۔ 23 January 2013
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/Date_validation/ar at line 45: attempt to compare number with nil.
- ↑ "Herbal stimulant khat to be banned". BBC News. 3 July 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20181226020307/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-23163017. Retrieved on ۲۰ اکتوبر ۲۰۱۹.
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- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/Date_validation/ar at line 45: attempt to compare number with nil.
- ↑ "UK legislators to press for lifting ban on Miraa Read". Standard Digital. 7 March 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20181226020241/https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/thecounties/article/2000106268/uk-legislators-to-press-for-lifting-ban-on-miraa. Retrieved on ۱۷ مارچ ۲۰۱۴.
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/Date_validation/ar at line 45: attempt to compare number with nil.سانچہ:Dead link
- ↑ "Gangs infiltrate Canada's airports". The Christian Science Monitor. 16 December 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20181226020240/https://www.csmonitor.com/World/2008/1216/p06s01-wogn.html. Retrieved on ۲ اپریل ۲۰۱۰.
- ↑ Powell, Betsy (20 April 2012). "Woman who brought khat to Canada wins appeal". The Star. https://web.archive.org/web/20140109034700/http://www.thestar.com/news/crime/2012/04/20/woman_who_brought_khat_to_canada_wins_appeal.html. Retrieved on ۲۶ جنوری ۲۰۱۴.
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/Date_validation/ar at line 45: attempt to compare number with nil.
- ↑ سانچہ:Cite press release
- ↑ Federal Register (14 January 1993). "Schedules of Controlled Substances: Placement of Cathinone and 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethylamphetamine Into Schedule I". https://web.archive.org/web/20181226020255/http://articles.latimes.com/2006/aug/22/nation/na-khat22. Retrieved on ۱ فروری ۲۰۱۰.
- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/Date_validation/ar at line 45: attempt to compare number with nil.
- ↑ Stewart, Cameron (23 July 2008). "Somali women demand government action on legal drug". The Australian. https://web.archive.org/web/20080729021447/http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/story/0,25197,24063019-5006785,00.html. Retrieved on ۵ اگست ۲۰۰۸.
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- ↑ Lua error in ماڈیول:Citation/CS1/Date_validation/ar at line 45: attempt to compare number with nil.