"<span lang="ur">برطانوی راج</span>[[ گٹھ:مضامین جنہاں وچ اردو بولی دا متن شامل اے ]]" دیاں دہرائیاں وچ وکھراپا
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[[جنگ آزادی 1857ء]] دے بعد توں لے کے 1947ء تک دے ، [[برطانیہ]] دے قبضے چ ، [[برصغیر]] یاں [[ہندستان]] نوں برطانوی راج دے ناں نال پکاریا جاندا اے ۔ اس دے دوجے ناں [[برطانوی ہند]] ، [[سلطنت ہندستان]] وی نیں تے عام طور [[یورپ]] تے دوجے علاقیاں چ صرف [[ہندستان]] دے ناں نال وی جانیا جاندا سی ۔ سلطنت ھندوستان [[جمیعت اقوام]] دا تاسیسی رکن [[دیس]] وی سی ۔
'''برطانوی راج''' 1858 توں لے کے 1947 تکّ بھارتی اپ-مہاندیپ اتے برطانوی حکومت نوں کیہا جاندا ہے<ref name=oed2008-british-raj>Oxford English Dictionary، 3rd edition (June 2008)، on-line edition (September 2011): "spec. In full '''''British Raj'''''. Direct rule in India by the British (1858–1947)؛ this period of dominion."</ref>۔ اس پد توں بھاوَ اس ستا دا ''کال'' وی ہو سکدا ہے۔<ref name=oed2008-british-raj/><ref>Oxford English Dictionary، 2nd edition، 1989. Examples: '''1955''' ''Times'' 25 Aug 9/7 It was effective against the British raj in India، and the conclusion drawn here is that the British knew that they were wrong. '''1969''' R. MILLAR ''Kut'' xv. 288 Sir Stanley Maude had taken command in Mesopotamia، displacing the raj of antique Indian Army commanders. '''1975''' H. R. ISAACS in H. M. Patel et al. ''Say not the Struggle Nought Availeth'' 251 The post-independence r�gime in all its incarnations since the passing of the British Raj.</ref> برطانوی پرشاسن ہیٹھلے کھیتر، جس نوں سمکالی ورتوں وچّ عامَ طور اتے '''بھارت''' کیہا جاندا ہے، وچّ سنیوکت بادشاہی دوارا سدھے طور اتے پرشاست علاقے<ref>First the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland]] then، after 1927، the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland</ref> (سمکالی طور اتے '''برطانوی بھارت''') اتے برطانوی مکٹ دی سرب-اچتا ہیٹھ نجی شاسکاں ولوں شاست کیتے جاندے شاہی راج شامل سن۔ اس کھیتر نوں برتانویاں ولوں کجھ وار '''بھارتی سامراج''' وی کیہا جاندا سی۔<ref>The names "Empire of India" and "Federation of India" were also in use.</ref> "بھارت" وجوں ایہہ لیگ آف نیشنز دا ستھاپک میمبر سی اتے 1900، 1920، 1928، 1932 اتے 1936 دیاں گرم-رتی اولمپک کھیڈاں دا حصیدار دیش سی۔
راج-پربندھ دی ستھاپنا 1858 وچّ ہوئی سی جدوں بریٹیش ایسٹ انڈیا کمپنی دی حکومت دا تبادلہ مہارانی وکٹوریا دے تاج ہیٹھ کر دتا گیا سی<ref>{{cite web|last=Kaul|first=Chandrika|title=From Empire to Independence: The British Raj in India 1858–1947|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/modern/independence1947_01.shtml|accessdate=3 March 2011}}</ref> (جس نوں 1876 وچّ بھارت دی مہارانی ایلانیا گیا) اتے جو 1947 تکّ جاری رہا جس توں بعد برطانوی بھارتی سامراج نوں دو خدمختیار دیشاں وچّ ونڈ دتا گیا جو کہ ''بھارتی سنگھ'' (بعد وچّ بھارت دا گنراج) اتے ''پاکستان دی پربھتا'' (بعد وچّ پاکستان دا اسلامی گنراج، جسدا پوربی حصہ ہور بعد وچّ [[بنگلہ دیش]] دا لوک گنراج بن گیا) سن۔ 1858 وچّ برطانوی راج دے ارمبھ ویلے ہیٹھلا برما پہلاں توں ہی برطانوی بھارت دا حصہ سی؛ اتلا برما 1886 وچّ جوڑیا گیا اتے نتیجے وجوں بنیا سنگھ، [[برما]]، 1937 تکّ اک صوبے وجوں پرشاست کیتا گیا اتے اس توں بعد ایہہ اک الگّ برطانوی بستی بن گیا جس نوں 1948 وچّ آزادی ملی۔
اس راج دے بجٹ وچّ نگرپالکا کارج، پولیس، چھوٹی پر بہت سچجی سکھلائی والی بھارتی سول سروس جو سرکاری کم کاج چلاؤندی سی اتے بھارتی فوج شامل سی۔ اس بجٹ دا سارا خرچہ کر (خاص کر کے کھیتی اتے لون اتے) دوارا بھارتی لوک ہی دندے سن۔ وشال اتے چنگی سکھلائی والی بھارتی سینا نے دوہاں وشو-یدھاں وچّ اک اہم رول ادا کیتا؛ باقی سمیں ایہہ افغانستان ولوں سمبھاوت روسی ہلے دا مقابلہ کرن لئی سکھلائی لیندی سی۔ زیادہ تر بھارتی لوک بہت ہی غریب کسان سن؛ 1٪ دے آرتھک وکاس نوں 1٪ دا آبادی وادھا کریاہین بنا دندا سی۔
==برطانوی بھارت دے صوبے==
آزادی سمیں برطانوی بھارت دے ہیٹھ لکھے صوبے سن:
٭ اجمیر-مرواڑا-کیکری
٭ [[انڈیمان اتے نکوبار ٹاپو]]
٭ [[آسام]]
٭ [[بلوچستان]]
٭ [[بنگال]]
٭ [[بہار]]
٭ بمبے صوبہ – [[ممبئی|بمبے]]
٭ کیندری صوبے اتے بیراڑ
٭ دلی صوبہ – [[دلی]]
٭ مدراس صوبہ – [[مدراس]]
٭ اتر-پچھمی سرحدی صوبہ
٭ پنتھ-پپلودا
٭ [[اڑیسہ]]
٭ برطانوی پنجاب
٭ [[سندھ]]
٭ سنیوکت صوبے ([[آگرہ]] اتے اودھ)
<Center>
<Gallery>
File:Madras Prov South 1909.jpg|مدراس پریزیڈینسی دا نقشہ، 1909
File:Baroda state 1909.jpg|بڑودا راج دا نقشہ، 1909
File:Hyderabad state 1909.jpg|حیدرآباد راج دا نقشہ، 1909
File:Bombay Prov north 1909.jpg|اتری بمبے پریزیڈینسی دا نقشہ، 1909
</Gallery>
</Center>
==ہور پڑھو==
===سرویکھن===
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{{Refend}}
===وشیشیکرت وشے===
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٭ Dewey، Clive. ''Anglo-Indian Attitudes: The Mind of the Indian Civil Service'' (2003)
٭ Ewing، Ann. "Administering India: The Indian Civil Service،" ''History Today''، June 1982، 32#6 pp. ؛43–48، covers 1858–1947
٭ Gilmartin، David. 1988. ''Empire and Islam: Punjab and the Making of Pakistan''. University of California Press. 258 pages. ISBN 978-0-520-06249-8.
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٭ {{cite book|author=Sarvepalli Gopal|title=The viceroyalty of Lord Ripon، 1880–1884|url=http://books.google.com/books؟id=eKE9AAAAIAAJ|accessdate=21 February 2012|year=1953|publisher=Oxford U. Press}}
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٭ Kaminsky، Arnold P. ''The India Office، 1880–1910'' (1986) [http://www.amazon.com/1880-1910-Contributions-Comparative-Colonial-Studies/dp/0313249091/ref=sr_1_6؟ie=UTF8&qid=1327353038&sr=8-6 excerpt and text search]، focus on officials in London
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===آرتھک اتہاس===
٭ Anstey، Vera. ''The economic development of India'' (4th ed. 1952)، 677pp؛ thorough scholarly coverage؛ focus on 20th century down to 1939
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٭ Dutt، Romesh C. ''The Economic History of India under early British Rule''، first published 1902، 2001 edition by [[Routledge]]، ISBN 978-0-415-24493-0
٭ Lockwood، David. ‘’The Indian Bourgeoisie: A Political History of the Indian Capitalist Class in the Early Twentieth Century’’ (I.B. Tauris، 2012) 315 pages؛ focus on Indian entrepreneurs who benefited from the Raj، but ultimately sided with the Indian National Congress.
٭ {{Citation | last = Roy | first = Tirthankar | year = 2002 | title = Economic History and Modern India: Redefining the Link | journal = The Journal of Economic Perspectives | volume = 16 | issue = 3 | pages = 109–130 | url = http://links.jstor.org/sici؟sici=0895-3309٪28200222٪2916٪3A3٪3C109٪3AEHAMIR٪3E2.0.CO٪3B2-F | doi=10.1257/089533002760278749}}
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{{Refend}}
===ستھان-برتانت، انکڑے اتے مڈھلے سروت===
{{Refbegin|30em}}
٭ {{cite book|author=Keith، Arthur Berriedale |title=Responsible government in the dominions|url=http://books.google.com/books؟id=mGdDAAAAIAAJ|year=1912|publisher=The Clarendon press}}، major primary sources in 1670pp
٭ ''Indian Year-book for 1862: A review of social، intellectual، and religious progress in India and Ceylon'' (1863)، ed. by John Murdoch [http://books.google.com/books؟id=ODMQAAAAYAAJ online edition] 250pp؛ [http://books.google.com/books؟id=uqAEAAAAQAAJ 1861 edition]
٭ ''The Year-book of the Imperial Institute of the United Kingdom، the colonies and India: a statistical record of the resources and trade of the colonial and Indian possessions of the British Empire'' (2nd. ed. 1893) 880pp؛ India = pp. ؛375–462 [http://books.google.com/books؟id=i25MAAAAYAAJ online edition]
٭ ''The Imperial Gazetteer of India'' (26 vol، 1908–31)، highly detailed description of all of India in 1901. [http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/ online edition]
٭ ''Statistical abstract relating to British India، from 1895–96 to 1904–05'' (London، 1906) [http://books.google.com/books؟id=xC5RAAAAYAAJ full text online]، 278pp
٭ ''The Cyclopedia of India: biographical، historical، administrative، commercial'' (1908) [http://books.google.com/books؟id=U9bkAAAAMAAJ complete text online]، business history، biographies، illustrations
٭ ''The Indian year book: 1914'' (1914) [http://books.google.com/books؟id=QFlFAAAAYAAJ snippets]
{{Refend}}
==حوالے==
{{حوالے}}
[[گٹھ:تریخ]]
[[گٹھ:سلطنت برطانیہ]]
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