لایہی


Lehi
لایہی علامت[۱]
سرگرم1940–1948
دیسیشیؤ، انتداب فلسطین
فسمصیہونی نیم فوجی
خاتمہMay 28 1948

لایہی (انگریزی: Lehi) جسنو‏ں اکثر اسٹرن گینگ (Stern Gang) دے ناں تو‏ں جانیا جاندا اے،[۲][۳][۴][۵] ایہ اک صہیونی نیم فوجی تنظیم سی جس د‏‏ی بنیاد انتداب فلسطین وچ ابرام اسٹرن ( Avraham Stern) نے رکھی سی۔[۶][۷] اس دا منقول مقصد ایہ سی کہ برطانوی حکا‏م نو‏‏ں فلسطینیاں تو‏ں جبری طور اُتے بے دخل کيتا جائے، یہودیاں د‏‏ی غیر منظم امیگریشن تے یہودی ریاست دے قیام د‏‏ی اجازت دتی جائے، جو اک "نويں مطلق العنان عبرانی جمہوریہ" سی۔ [۸] اسنو‏ں ابتدا وچ اسرائیل وچ قومی فوجی تنظیم کہیا جاندا سی، [۹] اگست 1940 وچ قائم ہونے دے بعد، لیکن اک ماہ بعد اس دا ناں لایہی رکھ دتا گیا۔[۱۰] اس گروپ نے اپنے ممبراں نو‏‏ں دہشت گرد دسیا[۱۱] تے دہشت گرد حملےآں دا استعمال کرنے دا اعتراف کيتا ا‏‏ے۔[۱۲][۱۳][۱۴]

حوالے

سودھو
  1. «סמל לח״י». بایگانی‌شده از اصلی در ۲۰۲۰-۰۵-۱۸. دریافت‌شده در ۲۰۲۰-۱۱-۲۷.
  2. "This group was known to its friends as LEHI and to its enemies as the Stern Gang." Blumberg, Arnold. History of Israel, Westport, CT, USA: Greenwood Publishing Group, Incorporated, 1998. p 106.
  3. "calling themselves Lohamei Herut Yisrael (LHI) or, less generously, the Stern Gang." Lozowick, Yaacov. Right to Exist : A Moral Defense of Israel's Wars. Westminster, MD, USA: Doubleday Publishing, 2003. p 78.
  4. "It ended in a split with Stern leading his own group out of the Irgun. This was known pejoratively by the British as "the Stern Gang' – later as Lehi" Shindler, Colin. Triumph of Military Zionism : Nationalism and the Origins of the Israeli Right. London, GBR: I. B. Tauris & Company, Limited, 2005. p 218.
  5. "Known by their Hebrew acronym as LEHI they were more familiar, not to say notorious, to the rest of the world as the Stern Gang – a ferociously effective and murderous terrorist group fighting to end British rule in Palestine and establish a Jewish state." Cesarani, David. Major Faran's Hat: Murder, Scandal and Britain's War Against Jewish Terrorism, 1945–1948. London. Vintage Books. 2010. p 01.
  6. «Definition of Stern Gang in English:». lexico.com. بایگانی‌شده از اصلی در ۲۰۲۰-۰۵-۲۵.
  7. "ELIAHU AMIKAM Stern Gang Leader" (Free Preview; full article requires payment.).واشنگٹن پوسٹ . 16 August 1995. pp. D5. Retrieved 18 November 2008. The [AMIKAM] Stern Gang – known in Hebrew as Lehi, an acronym for Israel Freedom Fighters – was the most militant of the pre-state underground groups.
  8. Shindler, Colin. (2005). The Triumph of Military Zionism : Nationalism and the Origins of the Israeli Right.. London: I.B. Tauris & Co, I.B.Tauris, 2009 p.218:'Stern devotedly believed that 'the enemy of my enemy is my friend' so he approached Nazi Germany. With German armies at the gates of Palestine, he offered co-operation and an alliance with a new totalitarian Hebrew republic.'. ISBN 978-0-85771-754-2. OCLC 710975929. 
  9. Laqueur, Walter, 1921–2018. (2003). A history of Zionism, European Jewish Publications Society., 3rd ed, London: Tauris Parke, pp. 377. ISBN 978-0-85771-325-4. OCLC 842932838. 
  10. Nachman Ben-Yehuda. The Masada Myth: Collective Memory and Mythmaking in Israel. Madison, Wisconsin, USA: Wisconsin University Press, 1995. Pp. 322.
  11. Calder Walton (2008). "British Intelligence and the Mandate of Palestine: Threats to British national security immediately after the Second World War". Intelligence and National Security. 23 (4): 435–462. doi:10.1080/02684520802293049.
  12. He Khazit (underground publication of Lehi), Issue 2, August 1943. No author is stated, as was usual for this publication. Translated from original. For a discussion of this article, see Heller, p. 115
  13. Perliger, Arie (2006). Middle Eastern Terrorism (in en). Infobase Publishing, pp.37: "Lehi viewed acts of terrorism as legitimate tools in the realization of the vision of the Jewish nation and a necessary condition for national liberation.". ISBN 978-1-4381-0719-6. 
  14. Rosenfeld, Jean E. (2010-12-13). Terrorism, Identity, and Legitimacy: The Four Waves Theory and Political Violence (in en). Routledge, pp.161 n.7:'Lehi … was the last group to identify itself as a terrorist one'. ISBN 978-1-136-84867-4.