"<span lang="ur">برطانوی راج</span>[[ گٹھ:مضامین جنہاں وچ اردو بولی دا متن شامل اے ]]" دیاں دہرائیاں وچ وکھراپا

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Lakhpaal (گل بات | حصے داری)
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Lakhpaal (گل بات | حصے داری)
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لیک ۱ –
{{Infobox former country
|conventional_long_name =بھارت<br />برطانوی ہند
|common_name = بھارتبرٹش انڈیا
|continent = ایشیا
|region = برصغیر
لیک ۷۳ –
[[File:Star of India (flag)|thumb|200px|left|برطانوی ہند دا نشان]]
 
[[جنگ آزادی 1857ء]] دے بعد توں لے کے 1947ء تک دے ، [[برطانیہبرطانیا]] دے قبضے چوچ ، [[برصغیر]] یاںیا [[ہندستان]] نوں برطانوی راج دے ناں نال پکاریا جاندا اے ۔ اس دے دوجے ناں [[برطانوی ہندناں]] ، [[سلطنت ہندستان]] وی نیں تے عام طور [[یورپ]] تے دوجے علاقیاں چ صرف [[ہندستان]] دے ناں نال وی جانیاپکاریا جاندا سیاے ۔ سلطنت ھندوستان [[جمیعت اقوام]] دا تاسیسی رکن [[دیس]] وی سی ۔
'''برطانوی راج''' 1858 توں لے کے 1947 تک برصغیر پاک و ہنددی برطانوی حکومت نوں کہیا جاندا اے<ref name=oed2008-british-raj>Oxford English Dictionary، 3rd edition (جون 2008)، on-line edition (ستمبر 2011): "spec. In full '''''British Raj'''''۔ Direct rule in India by the British (1858–1947)؛ this period of dominion."</ref>۔ اس پد توں مطلب اس ستا دا ''دور'' وی ہو سکدا اے۔<ref name=oed2008-british-raj /><ref>Oxford English Dictionary، 2nd edition، 1989. Examples: '''1955''' ''Times'' 25 Aug 9/7 It was effective against the British raj in India، and the conclusion drawn here is that the British knew that they were wrong. '''1969''' R. MILLAR ''Kut'' xv. 288 Sir Stanley Maude had taken command in Mesopotamia، displacing the raj of antique Indian Army commanders. '''1975''' H. R. ISAACS in H. M. Patel et al. ''Say not the Struggle Nought Availeth'' 251 The post-independence regime in all its incarnations since the passing of the British Raj.</ref> برطانوی پرحکمرانی ہیٹھلے کھیتر، جس نوں ہم عصر ورتوں وچ عامَ طور اتے '''بھارت''' کیہا جاندا اے، وچ متحدہ بادشاہی ولوں سدھے طور اتے پرشاست علاقے<ref>First the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland]] then، after 1927، the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland</ref> (ہم عصر طور اتے '''برطانوی بھارت''') اتے برطانوی مکٹ دی سرب-اچتا ہیٹھ نجی حکمراناں ولوں شاست کیتے جاندے شاہی راج شامل سن۔ اس کھیتر نوں برتانویاں ولوں کجھ وار '''بھارتی سامراج''' وی کیہا جاندا سی۔<ref>The names "Empire of India" and "Federation of India" were also in use.</ref> "بھارت" وجوں ایہہ لیگ آف نیشنز دا ستھاپک میمبر سی اتے 1900، 1920، 1928، 1932 اتے 1936 دیاں گرم-رتی اولمپک کھیڈاں دا حصیدار دیش سی۔
 
'''برطانوی راج''' 1858 توں لے کے 1947 تک بھارتی اپ-براعظم اتے برطانوی حکومت نوں کیہا جاندا اے<ref name=oed2008-british-raj>Oxford English Dictionary، 3rd edition (جون 2008)، on-line edition (ستمبر 2011): "spec. In full '''''British Raj'''''۔ Direct rule in India by the British (1858–1947)؛ this period of dominion."</ref>۔ اس پد توں مطلب اس ستا دا ''دور'' وی ہو سکدا اے۔<ref name=oed2008-british-raj /><ref>Oxford English Dictionary، 2nd edition، 1989. Examples: '''1955''' ''Times'' 25 Aug 9/7 It was effective against the British raj in India، and the conclusion drawn here is that the British knew that they were wrong. '''1969''' R. MILLAR ''Kut'' xv. 288 Sir Stanley Maude had taken command in Mesopotamia، displacing the raj of antique Indian Army commanders. '''1975''' H. R. ISAACS in H. M. Patel et al. ''Say not the Struggle Nought Availeth'' 251 The post-independence regime in all its incarnations since the passing of the British Raj.</ref> برطانوی پرحکمرانی ہیٹھلے کھیتر، جس نوں ہم عصر ورتوں وچ عامَ طور اتے '''بھارت''' کیہا جاندا اے، وچ متحدہ بادشاہی ولوں سدھے طور اتے پرشاست علاقے<ref>First the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland]] then، after 1927، the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland</ref> (ہم عصر طور اتے '''برطانوی بھارت''') اتے برطانوی مکٹ دی سرب-اچتا ہیٹھ نجی حکمراناں ولوں شاست کیتے جاندے شاہی راج شامل سن۔ اس کھیتر نوں برتانویاں ولوں کجھ وار '''بھارتی سامراج''' وی کیہا جاندا سی۔<ref>The names "Empire of India" and "Federation of India" were also in use.</ref> "بھارت" وجوں ایہہ لیگ آف نیشنز دا ستھاپک میمبر سی اتے 1900، 1920، 1928، 1932 اتے 1936 دیاں گرم-رتی اولمپک کھیڈاں دا حصیدار دیش سی۔
 
راج-پربندھ دی قیام 1858 وچ ہوئی سی جدوں بریٹیش ایسٹ انڈیا کمپنی دی حکومت دا تبادلہ مہارانی وکٹوریا دے تاج ہیٹھ کر دتا گیا سی<ref>{{cite web|last=Kaul|first=Chandrika|title=From Empire to Independence: The British Raj in India 1858–1947|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/modern/independence1947_01.shtml|accessdate=3 مارچ 2011}}</ref> (جس نوں 1876 وچ بھارت دی مہارانی ایلانیا گیا) اتے جو 1947 تک جاری رہا جس توں بعد برطانوی بھارتی سامراج نوں دو خدمختیار دیساں وچ ونڈ دتا گیا جو کہ ''بھارتی سنگھ'' (بعد وچ بھارت دا گنراج) اتے ''پاکستان دی پربھتا'' (بعد وچ پاکستان دا اسلامی گنراج، جسدا پوربی حصہ ہور بعد وچ [[بنگلہ دیش]] دا لوک گنراج بن گیا) سن۔ 1858 وچ برطانوی راج دے ارمبھ ویلے ہیٹھلا برما پہلاں توں ہی برطانوی بھارت دا حصہ سی؛ اتلا برما 1886 وچ جوڑیا گیا اتے نتیجے وجوں بنیا سنگھ، [[برما]]، 1937 تک اک صوبے وجوں پرشاست کیتا گیا اتے اس توں بعد ایہہ اک الگ برطانوی بستی بن گیا جس نوں 1948 وچ آزادی ملی۔
Line ۹۶ ⟶ ۹۵:
٭ پنتھ پپلودا
٭ [[اڑیسا]]
٭ برطانویبرٹش پنجاب
٭ [[سندھ]]
٭ متحدہ صوبے ([[آگرہ]] اتے اودھ)
Line ۱۰۸ ⟶ ۱۰۷:
</Center>
 
=== سروے ===
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{{Refend}}
 
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٭ {{Citation | last = Simmons | first = Colin | year = 1985 | title = 'De-Industrialization'، Industrialization and the Indian Economy، c. 1850–1947 | journal = Modern Asian Studies | volume = 19 | issue = 3 | pages = 593–622 | url = http://links.jstor.org/sici؟sici=0026-749X٪281985٪2919٪3A3٪3C593٪3A٪27IATIE٪3E2.0.CO٪3B2-K}}
٭ Tomlinson، B. R. ''The Economy of Modern India، 1860–1970'' (The New Cambridge History of India) (1996) [http://www.amazon.com/Economy-Modern-1860-1970-Cambridge-History/dp/0521589398/ref=sr_1_4؟s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1327498844&sr=1-4 excerpt and text search]
٭ Tomlinson، B. H. "India and the British Empire، 1880–1935،" ''Indian Economic and Social History Review،'' (Oct 1975)، 12#4 pp.&nbsp;؛337–380
{{Refend}}
 
=== انکڑے اتے مڈھلے سروت ===
{{Refbegin|30em}}
٭ {{cite book|author=Keith، Arthur Berriedale |title=Responsible government in the dominions|url=http://books.google.com/books؟id=mGdDAAAAIAAJ|year=1912|publisher=The Clarendon press}}، major primary sources in 1670pp
٭ ''Indian Year-book for 1862: A review of social، intellectual، and religious progress in India and Ceylon'' (1863)، ed. by John Murdoch [http://books.google.com/books؟id=ODMQAAAAYAAJ online edition] 250pp؛ [http://books.google.com/books؟id=uqAEAAAAQAAJ 1861 edition]
٭ ''The Year-book of the Imperial Institute of the United Kingdom، the colonies and India: a statistical record of the resources and trade of the colonial and Indian possessions of the British Empire'' (2nd. ed. 1893) 880pp؛ India = pp.&nbsp;؛375–462 [http://books.google.com/books؟id=i25MAAAAYAAJ online edition]
٭ ''The Imperial Gazetteer of India'' (26 vol، 1908–31)، highly detailed description of all of India in 1901. [http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/ online edition]
٭ ''Statistical abstract relating to British India، from 1895–96 to 1904–05'' (London، 1906) [http://books.google.com/books؟id=xC5RAAAAYAAJ full text online]، 278pp
٭ ''The Cyclopedia of India: biographical، historical، administrative، commercial'' (1908) [http://books.google.com/books؟id=U9bkAAAAMAAJ complete text online]، business history، biographies، illustrations
٭ ''The Indian year book: 1914'' (1914) [http://books.google.com/books؟id=QFlFAAAAYAAJ snippets]
{{Refend}}
 
== حوالے ==